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	<title>El blog de ERiDeM</title>
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	<description>Security, Networks, GNU-Linux and programming!</description>
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		<title>Cleaning, sorting and deleting repeated words in word lists</title>
		<link>http://www.eridem.net/cleaning-sorting-and-deleting-repeated-words-in-word-lists/</link>
		<comments>http://www.eridem.net/cleaning-sorting-and-deleting-repeated-words-in-word-lists/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 15 Jun 2009 21:00:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>ERiDeM</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Cryptography]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[application]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[brute force]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[clean]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[delete repeat words]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[diccionary attack]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[optimize]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Script]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sort]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[wordlists]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[words]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.eridem.net/?p=552</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[cryptography, brute force, wordlists, words, clean, sort, delete repeat words, linux, script, optimize, diccionary attack, security, application]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2>Index</h2>
<ol>
<li><a href="#c_introduction">Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="#c_bruteforce">Dicctionary attack</a></li>
<li><a href="#c_description">Description</a></li>
<li><a href="#c_example">An example</a></li>
<li><a href="#c_download">Download</a> (I don&#8217;t want to know what it does! Just do it!)</li>
<li><a href="#c_use">How to use it</a></li>
</ol>
<h2><a name="c_introduction"></a>1. Introduction</h2>
<p>This article is about a program which can clean, sort and delete repeated words in your wordlists. You can download it directly in the <a href="#c_download">Download</a> section, but I recommend you read the full article to know why you could neet it and how it works.</p>
<h2><a name="c_bruteforce"></a>2. Dictionary attack</h2>
<p>In cryptanalysis and computer security, a dictionary attack is a technique for defeating a cipher or authentication mechanism by trying to determine its decryption key or passphrase by searching likely possibilities.</p>
<p>A dictionary attack uses a brute-force technique of successively trying all the words in an exhaustive list (from a pre-arranged list of values). In contrast with a normal brute force attack, where a large proportion key space is searched systematically, a dictionary attack tries only those possibilities which are most likely to succeed, typically derived from a list of words in a dictionary. Generally, dictionary attacks succeed because many people have a tendency to choose passwords which are short (7 characters or fewer), single words found in dictionaries or simple, easily-predicted variations on words, such as appending a digit.</p>
<p>When we want to perform this kind of attack, we usually have several wordlists in separate files: common English words, cities, names, medical words and so on. But many of those words are repeated in most of the wordlists files. For example, it is usual to find these words into the wordlist file as &ldquo;12345 qwerty asdfg a aa aaa aaaa&rdquo;, because people who built these wordlists added only the common words. When we use a large list of words, we accumulate repeated words. If we do not have a large number of words in a reduced number of wordlist files, the time that we waste in operations and time is not so important, but when we use wordlists with a huge number of words (10,000 words or more) with repetitions, we need to optimize it.</p>
<h2><a name="c_description"></a>3. Description</h2>
<p>The proposed algorithm will clean this huge word lists. It will delete all repeat words, clean spaces and new lines, and sort all words. So, this algorithm will perform the following tasks:</p>
<ol>
<li>Clean spaces and add a new line between words.</li>
<li>For each wordlist file, sort all words.</li>
<li>For each wordlist file, remove repeat words.</li>
<li>Compare every file with the others to remove repeated words and save the result in the second compared file.</li>
</ol>
<p>These tasks are optimized, and the program already does several tasks at the same time. Anyway, the hardest task is to compare every file with the others, although this task is optimized to not repeat comparisons.</p>
<p>Using this algorithm, we can reduce up to 40-50% of time that a dictionary attack could spend.</p>
<h2><a name="c_example"></a>4. An example</h2>
<p>We have four files in our computers, <em><strong>FileA</strong></em>, <em><strong>FileB</strong></em>, <em><strong>FileC</strong></em>, <em><strong>FileD</strong></em>, (<a href="#t31">table 4.1</a>) with different words. Maybe the words of these files are repeated or maybe not. In total, we have 36 words, including repeated words.</p>
<table style="width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 25%; text-align: center;"><a name="t31"></a><em><strong>FileA</strong></em></td>
<td style="width: 25%; text-align: center;"><em><strong>FileB</strong></em></td>
<td style="width: 25%; text-align: center;"><em><strong>FileC</strong></em></td>
<td style="width: 25%; text-align: center;"><em><strong>FileD</strong></em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p>g h</p>
<p>e</p>
<p>a b c d</p>
<p>f</p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>i j</p>
<p>m n</p>
<p>l</p>
<p>k a f</p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>o p</p>
<p>m a b</p>
<p>q</p>
<p>q q q r s</p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>s v</p>
<p>j q s</p>
<p>t u</p>
<p>a w</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="text-align: center;"><em>Table 4.1: Total words: 36.</em></p>
<p>Task 1, 2, 3: <strong>For each file:</strong> Clean spaces. Add a new line between words. Sort words. Remove repeat words (<a href="#t32">table 4.2</a>).</p>
<table style="width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 25%;"><a name="t32"></a><em><strong>FileA</strong></em></td>
<td style="width: 25%;"><em><strong>FileB</strong></em></td>
<td style="width: 25%;"><em><strong>FileC</strong></em></td>
<td style="width: 25%;"><em><strong>FileD</strong></em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p>a</p>
<p>b</p>
<p>c</p>
<p>d</p>
<p>e</p>
<p>f</p>
<p>g</p>
<p>h</p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>a</p>
<p>f</p>
<p>i</p>
<p>j</p>
<p>k</p>
<p>l</p>
<p>m</p>
<p>n</p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>a</p>
<p>b</p>
<p>m</p>
<p>o</p>
<p>p</p>
<p>q</p>
<p>r</p>
<p>s</p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>a</p>
<p>j</p>
<p>q</p>
<p>s</p>
<p>t</p>
<p>u</p>
<p>v</p>
<p>w</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="text-align: center;"><em>Table 3.2: Total words: 32.</em></p>
<p>Task 4: Compare file by file to remove repeated words. In the example, Six comparison shall be performed: &lt;fileA, fileB&gt;, &lt;fileA, fileC&gt;, &lt;fileA, fileD&gt;, &lt;fileB, fileC&gt;, &lt;fileB, fileD&gt;, &lt;fileC, fileD&gt;. The first wordlist file is compared with the second one, and as a result, from the second wordlist all words, which are in both wordlist, will be deleted. So, the first four comparisons (file A comparisons) will be shown in <a href="#t33">table 4.3</a>.</p>
<table style="width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 25%;"><a name="t33"></a><em><strong>FileA</strong></em></td>
<td style="width: 25%;"><em><strong>FileB</strong></em></td>
<td style="width: 25%;"><em><strong>FileC</strong></em></td>
<td style="width: 25%;"><em><strong>FileD</strong></em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p>a</p>
<p>b</p>
<p>c</p>
<p>d</p>
<p>e</p>
<p>f</p>
<p>g</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>i</p>
<p>j</p>
<p>k</p>
<p>l</p>
<p>m</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>m</p>
<p>o</p>
<p>p</p>
<p>q</p>
<p>r</p>
<p>s</p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>j</p>
<p>q</p>
<p>s</p>
<p>t</p>
<p>u</p>
<p>v</p>
<p>w</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="text-align: center;"><em>Table 4.3: Total words: 25.</em></p>
<p>Task 4: By comparing the rest of the files: <em>&lt;fileB, fileC&gt;</em>, <em>&lt;fileB, fileD&gt; and</em> <em>&lt;fileC, fileD&gt;, the final state of files are shown in the </em><a href="#t34">table 4.4</a>.</p>
<table style="width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 25%;"><a name="t34"></a><em><strong>FileA</strong></em></td>
<td style="width: 25%;"><em><strong>FileB</strong></em></td>
<td style="width: 25%;"><em><strong>FileC</strong></em></td>
<td style="width: 25%;"><em><strong>FileD</strong></em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">
<p>a</p>
<p>b</p>
<p>c</p>
<p>d</p>
<p>e</p>
<p>f</p>
<p>g</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>i</p>
<p>j</p>
<p>k</p>
<p>l</p>
<p>m</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>o</p>
<p>p</p>
<p>q</p>
<p>r</p>
<p>s</p>
</td>
<td valign="top">
<p>t</p>
<p>u</p>
<p>v</p>
<p>w</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="text-align: center;"><em>Table 4.4: Total words: 21.</em></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">The reduction in the number of words are from 36 to 21 which is a 41.6% less of the original word list file.</p>
<h2 style="text-align: left;"><a name="c_download"></a>5. Download</h2>
<p>You can download the shell script if you accept the GPL v3 license, and if you accept it, YOU ARE RESPONSIBLE of any kind of damage as: lost of data, deleted files, or any other problems in your hardware, software or system.</p>
<p><strong>EXECUTE IT WITH PRECAUTION!</strong> Read the &#8220;<a href="#c_use">How to use it</a>&#8221; section.</p>
<h3 style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.eridem.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/cleanwl.sh">Download &lt;Clean wordlists&gt; version 0.0.1!!!</a></h3>
<h2><a name="c_use"></a>6. How to use it</h2>
<p>After downloading it, change the execution permissions:</p>
<p><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">chmod +x cleanwl.sh</span></p>
<p>Then, copy it into the folder where you have the wordlists files you want to clean and execute the script:<span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">[path_of_the_script]/cleanwl.sh</span></p>
<p>for example: <span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">./cleanwl.sh</span></p>
<p>It will show you the statistics of the process, but if you don&rsquo;t want to see that, you can redirect it to a file or to /dev/null. IMPORTANT: if you decide to redirect the output to a file, redirect it into another folder, not in the same folder that the wordlists files!!</p>
<p>for example: <span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">./cleanwl.sh &gt; ../stats.txt</span></p>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="overflow: hidden; position: absolute; left: -10000px; top: 0px; width: 1px; height: 1px;"><span style="font-size: small;">Using this algorithm, we can reduce up to 40-50% of time that a dictionary attack could spend.</span></div>

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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Friendly Korea Community API</title>
		<link>http://www.eridem.net/friendly-korea-community-api/</link>
		<comments>http://www.eridem.net/friendly-korea-community-api/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 04 May 2009 07:40:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>ERiDeM</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Korea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[PHP]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Software Libre]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[API]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Chingu]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[FKC]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Friendly Korea Community]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Friends]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[VANK]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.eridem.net/?p=464</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[
The Friendly Korea Community API is an API (Application Programming Interface) which brings us the possibility of use simple classes for access to the data of the website http://chingu.prkorea.com.
On Friendly Korea Community, you are able to find korean and international friends how love Korea culture, music, people, movies, food, so on. Furthermore, you can join [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img style="float: left;" title="Friendly Korea Community Screenshot" src="http://sourceforge.net/dbimage.php?id=214609" alt="Friendly Korea Community Screenshot" width="20%" /></p>
<p>The <a href="http://www.eridem.net/friendly-korea-community-api/">Friendly Korea Community API</a> is an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Api">API</a> (Application Programming Interface) which brings us the possibility of use simple classes for access to the data of the website <a href="http://chingu.prkorea.com">http://chingu.prkorea.com</a>.</p>
<p>On <a href="http://chingu.prkorea.com">Friendly Korea Community</a>, you are able to find korean and international friends how love Korea culture, music, people, movies, food, so on. Furthermore, you can join in the community and post messages to people how are there. To sum up, it&#8217;s a kind of Korean&#8217;s <a href="http://www.facebook.com">Facebook</a>.</p>
<p>Nowadays, I have a beta version with several classes. With this classes, an user can:</p>
<ol>
<li>login as user, see his complete own information (name, family name, country, gender, &#8230;), see his photo URL.</li>
<li>watch a list of his friends with their names, photos URL and their complete information (name, family name, country, gender, &#8230;).</li>
</ol>
<table style="width: 100%;" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 33%;">
<p><a href="https://sourceforge.net/project/platformdownload.php?group_id=261318"><span>Download</span><img style="float: left;" title="Download this file from SourceForge.net" src="https://sourceforge.net/images/phoneix/down.png" alt="Download this file from SourceForge.net" /></a> <small> <br /> Friendly Korea Community API &#8211; 0.1.0<br /> Last Update: May 15 2009<br /> <a href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/fkcapi/">SourceForge.net</a></small></p>
</td>
<td style="width: 33%;" align="right"><a href="http://sourceforge.net/community/cca09/nominate/?project_name=Friendly Korea Community API&amp;project_url=http://www.eridem.net/friendly-korea-community-api/"><img src="http://sourceforge.net/images/cca/cca_nominate.png" border="0" alt="" /></a></td>
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</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2>Complete Code Example (v.0.0.2)</h2>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">&lt;?php</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #b1b100;">include_once</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8216;Fkc.class.php&#8217;</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #666666; font-style: italic;">// Login settings</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #000088;">$email</span> <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8216;[YOUR_FKC_USER_EMAIL]&#8216;</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #000088;">$password</span> <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8216;[YOUR_FKC_USER_PASSWORD]&#8216;</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #666666; font-style: italic;">// Creating a new instance of FKC API</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><strong><span style="color: #000088;">$fkc</span> <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">new</span> Fkc<span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span></strong></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #666666; font-style: italic;">// Logining into FKC</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #b1b100;">if</span> <span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #339933;">!</span><strong><span style="color: #000088;">$fkc</span><span style="color: #339933;">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #004000;">login</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #000088;">$email</span><span style="color: #339933;">,</span> <span style="color: #000088;">$password</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span></strong><span style="color: #009900;">)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #009900;">{</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #990000;">&nbsp; echo</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;It is a wrong email or password.&#8221;</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #990000;">&nbsp; die</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #009900;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #666666; font-style: italic;">// Getting a object of FkcUser that represents our user.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><strong><span style="color: #000088;">$me</span> <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #000088;">$fkc</span><span style="color: #339933;">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #004000;">getUser</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span></strong></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #666666; font-style: italic;">// Getting our friends. It&#8217;s and array of FkcFriend.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><strong><span style="color: #000088;">$friends</span> <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #000088;">$me</span><span style="color: #339933;">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #004000;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8216;Friends&#8217;</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span></strong></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #666666; font-style: italic;">// Showing our information</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #990000;">echo</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&lt;h1&gt;Our information: &#8220;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #000088;">$me</span><span style="color: #339933;">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #004000;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8216;Name&#8217;</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8221; &#8220;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #000088;">$me</span><span style="color: #339933;">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #004000;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8216;FamilyName&#8217;</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&lt;/h1&gt;&#8221;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&nbsp; &#8220;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Id&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #000088;">$me</span><span style="color: #339933;">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #004000;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8216;Id&#8217;</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&nbsp; &#8220;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Email&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #000088;">$me</span><span style="color: #339933;">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #004000;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8216;Email&#8217;</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&nbsp; &#8220;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Gender&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #000088;">$me</span><span style="color: #339933;">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #004000;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8216;Gender&#8217;</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&nbsp; &#8220;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Born Date&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #000088;">$me</span><span style="color: #339933;">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #004000;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8216;BornDate&#8217;</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&nbsp; &#8220;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Country&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #000088;">$me</span><span style="color: #339933;">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #004000;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8216;Country&#8217;</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&nbsp; &#8220;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Residential Country&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #000088;">$me</span><span style="color: #339933;">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #004000;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8216;ResidentialCountry&#8217;</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&nbsp; &#8220;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Residential City&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #000088;">$me</span><span style="color: #339933;">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #004000;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8216;ResidentialCity&#8217;</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&nbsp; &#8220;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Profession&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #000088;">$me</span><span style="color: #339933;">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #004000;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8216;Profession&#8217;</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&nbsp; &#8220;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Interests&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #000088;">$me</span><span style="color: #339933;">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #004000;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8216;Interests&#8217;</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&nbsp; &#8220;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;About me&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #000088;">$me</span><span style="color: #339933;">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #004000;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8216;About&#8217;</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&nbsp; &#8220;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Favorite Movie&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #000088;">$me</span><span style="color: #339933;">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #004000;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8216;FavoriteMovie&#8217;</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&nbsp; &#8220;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Favorite Entertainent&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #000088;">$me</span><span style="color: #339933;">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #004000;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8216;FavoriteEntertainent&#8217;</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&nbsp; &#8220;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Favorite Drama&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #000088;">$me</span><span style="color: #339933;">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #004000;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8216;FavoriteDrama&#8217;</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&nbsp; &#8220;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Favorite Place&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #000088;">$me</span><span style="color: #339933;">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #004000;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8216;FavoritePlace&#8217;</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&nbsp; &#8220;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Favorite Food&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #000088;">$me</span><span style="color: #339933;">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #004000;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8216;FavoriteFood&#8217;</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&nbsp; &#8220;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Photo URL&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #000088;">$me</span><span style="color: #339933;">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #004000;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8216;Photo&#8217;</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #666666; font-style: italic;">// Showing friends information</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #990000;">echo</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&lt;h1&gt;My friends&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #b1b100;">foreach</span> <span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #000088;">$friends</span> <span style="color: #b1b100;">as</span> <span style="color: #000088;">$friend</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #009900;">{</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #990000;">&nbsp; echo</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&lt;h2&gt;&#8221;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #000088;">$friend</span><span style="color: #339933;">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #004000;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8216;Name&#8217;</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8221; &#8220;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #000088;">$friend</span><span style="color: #339933;">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #004000;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8216;FamilyName&#8217;</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&lt;/h2&gt;&#8221;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#8220;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Id&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #000088;">$friend</span><span style="color: #339933;">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #004000;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8216;Id&#8217;</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#8220;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Email&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #000088;">$friend</span><span style="color: #339933;">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #004000;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8216;Email&#8217;</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Gender&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #000088;">$friend</span><span style="color: #339933;">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #004000;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8216;Gender&#8217;</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Born Date&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #000088;">$friend</span><span style="color: #339933;">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #004000;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8216;BornDate&#8217;</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Country&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #000088;">$friend</span><span style="color: #339933;">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #004000;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8216;Country&#8217;</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Residential Country&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #000088;">$friend</span><span style="color: #339933;">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #004000;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8216;ResidentialCountry&#8217;</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Residential City&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #000088;">$friend</span><span style="color: #339933;">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #004000;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8216;ResidentialCity&#8217;</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Profession&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #000088;">$friend</span><span style="color: #339933;">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #004000;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8216;Profession&#8217;</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Interests&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #000088;">$friend</span><span style="color: #339933;">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #004000;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8216;Interests&#8217;</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;About me&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #000088;">$friend</span><span style="color: #339933;">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #004000;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8216;About&#8217;</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Favorite Movie&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #000088;">$friend</span><span style="color: #339933;">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #004000;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8216;FavoriteMovie&#8217;</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Favorite Entertainent&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #000088;">$friend</span><span style="color: #339933;">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #004000;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8216;FavoriteEntertainent&#8217;</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Favorite Drama&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #000088;">$friend</span><span style="color: #339933;">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #004000;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8216;FavoriteDrama&#8217;</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Favorite Place&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #000088;">$friend</span><span style="color: #339933;">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #004000;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8216;FavoritePlace&#8217;</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Favorite Food&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #000088;">$friend</span><span style="color: #339933;">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #004000;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8216;FavoriteFood&#8217;</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Photo URL&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #000088;">$friend</span><span style="color: #339933;">-&gt;</span><span style="color: #004000;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8216;Photo&#8217;</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #339933;">.</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #009900;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">?&gt;</span></span></li>
</ol>
<p class="php" style="font-family: monospace;">&nbsp;</p>
<div id="_mcePaste" style="overflow: hidden; position: absolute; left: -10000px; top: 0px; width: 1px; height: 1px;"><span class="kw2">&lt;?php</span><br /> <span class="kw1">include_once</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st_h">&#8216;Fkc.class.php&#8217;</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy0">;</span></p>
<p> <span class="co1">// Login settings</span><br /> <span class="re0">$email</span> <span class="sy0">=</span> <span class="st_h">&#8216;eridem@gmail.com&#8217;</span><span class="sy0">;</span><br /> <span class="re0">$password</span> <span class="sy0">=</span> <span class="st_h">&#8216;v&#8217;</span><span class="sy0">;</span></p>
<p> <span class="co1">// Creating a new instance of FKC API</span><br /> <span class="re0">$fkc</span> <span class="sy0">=</span> <span class="kw2">new</span> Fkc<span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy0">;</span></p>
<p> <span class="co1">// Logining into FKC</span><br /> <span class="kw1">if</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="sy0">!</span><span class="re0">$fkc</span><span class="sy0">-&gt;</span><span class="me1">login</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="re0">$email</span><span class="sy0">,</span> <span class="re0">$password</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="br0">)</span><br /> <span class="br0">{</span><br /> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="kw1">echo</span> <span class="st0">&#8220;It is a wrong email or password.&#8221;</span><span class="sy0">;</span><br /> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="http://www.php.net/die"><span class="kw3">die</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy0">;</span><br /> <span class="br0">}</span></p>
<p> <span class="co1">// Getting a object of FkcUser that represents our user.</span><br /> <span class="re0">$me</span> <span class="sy0">=</span> <span class="re0">$fkc</span><span class="sy0">-&gt;</span><span class="me1">getUser</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy0">;</span></p>
<p> <span class="co1">// Getting our friends. It&#8217;s and array of FkcUser.</span><br /> <span class="re0">$friends</span> <span class="sy0">=</span> <span class="re0">$fkc</span><span class="sy0">-&gt;</span><span class="me1">getFriends</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy0">;</span></p>
<p> <span class="co1">// Showing our information</span><br /> <span class="kw1">echo</span>&nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="st0">&#8220;&lt;h1&gt;Our information: &#8220;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="re0">$me</span><span class="sy0">-&gt;</span><span class="me1">getName</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="st0">&#8221; &#8220;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="re0">$me</span><span class="sy0">-&gt;</span><span class="me1">getFamilyName</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="st0">&#8220;&lt;/h1&gt;&#8221;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span><br /> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="st0">&#8220;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Email&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="re0">$email</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="st0">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span><br /> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="st0">&#8220;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Gender&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="re0">$me</span><span class="sy0">-&gt;</span><span class="me1">get</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st_h">&#8216;Gender&#8217;</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="st0">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span><br /> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="st0">&#8220;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Country&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="re0">$me</span><span class="sy0">-&gt;</span><span class="me1">get</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st_h">&#8216;Country&#8217;</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="st0">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span><br /> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="st0">&#8220;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Residential Country&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="re0">$me</span><span class="sy0">-&gt;</span><span class="me1">get</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st_h">&#8216;ResidentialCountry&#8217;</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="st0">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span><br /> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="st0">&#8220;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Photo URL&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="re0">$me</span><span class="sy0">-&gt;</span><span class="me1">getPhoto</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="st0">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span><span class="sy0">;</span></p>
<p> <span class="co1">// Showing friends information</span><br /> <span class="kw1">echo</span>&nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="st0">&#8220;&lt;h1&gt;My friends&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span><span class="sy0">;</span><br /> <span class="kw1">foreach</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="re0">$friends</span> <span class="kw1">as</span> <span class="re0">$myFriend</span><span class="br0">)</span><br /> <span class="br0">{</span><br /> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="kw1">echo</span>&nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="st0">&#8220;&lt;h2&gt;&#8221;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="re0">$myFriend</span><span class="sy0">-&gt;</span><span class="me1">getFullName</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="st0">&#8220;&lt;/h2&gt;&#8221;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span><br /> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="st0">&#8220;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Id&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="re0">$myFriend</span><span class="sy0">-&gt;</span><span class="me1">getId</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="st0">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span><br /> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="st0">&#8220;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Email&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="re0">$myFriend</span><span class="sy0">-&gt;</span><span class="me1">get</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st_h">&#8216;Email&#8217;</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="st0">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span><br /> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="st0">&#8220;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Gender&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="re0">$myFriend</span><span class="sy0">-&gt;</span><span class="me1">get</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st_h">&#8216;Gender&#8217;</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="st0">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span><br /> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="st0">&#8220;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Born Date&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="re0">$myFriend</span><span class="sy0">-&gt;</span><span class="me1">get</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st_h">&#8216;BornDate&#8217;</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="st0">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span><br /> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="st0">&#8220;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Country&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="re0">$myFriend</span><span class="sy0">-&gt;</span><span class="me1">get</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st_h">&#8216;Country&#8217;</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="st0">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span><br /> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="st0">&#8220;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Residential Country&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="re0">$myFriend</span><span class="sy0">-&gt;</span><span class="me1">get</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st_h">&#8216;ResidentialCountry&#8217;</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="st0">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span><br /> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="st0">&#8220;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Residential City&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="re0">$myFriend</span><span class="sy0">-&gt;</span><span class="me1">get</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st_h">&#8216;ResidentialCity&#8217;</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="st0">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span><br /> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="st0">&#8220;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Profession&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="re0">$myFriend</span><span class="sy0">-&gt;</span><span class="me1">get</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st_h">&#8216;Profession&#8217;</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="st0">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span><br /> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="st0">&#8220;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Interests&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="re0">$myFriend</span><span class="sy0">-&gt;</span><span class="me1">get</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st_h">&#8216;Interests&#8217;</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="st0">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span><br /> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="st0">&#8220;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;About me&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="re0">$myFriend</span><span class="sy0">-&gt;</span><span class="me1">get</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st_h">&#8216;About&#8217;</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="st0">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span><br /> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="st0">&#8220;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Favorite Movie&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="re0">$myFriend</span><span class="sy0">-&gt;</span><span class="me1">get</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st_h">&#8216;FavoriteMovie&#8217;</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="st0">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span><br /> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="st0">&#8220;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Favorite Entertainent&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="re0">$myFriend</span><span class="sy0">-&gt;</span><span class="me1">get</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st_h">&#8216;FavoriteEntertainent&#8217;</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="st0">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span><br /> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="st0">&#8220;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Favorite Drama&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="re0">$myFriend</span><span class="sy0">-&gt;</span><span class="me1">get</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st_h">&#8216;FavoriteDrama&#8217;</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="st0">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span><br /> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="st0">&#8220;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Favorite Place&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="re0">$myFriend</span><span class="sy0">-&gt;</span><span class="me1">get</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st_h">&#8216;FavoritePlace&#8217;</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="st0">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span><br /> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="st0">&#8220;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Favorite Food&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="re0">$myFriend</span><span class="sy0">-&gt;</span><span class="me1">get</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st_h">&#8216;FavoriteFood&#8217;</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="st0">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span><br /> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <span class="st0">&#8220;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;Photo URL&lt;/b&gt;: &#8220;</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="re0">$myFriend</span><span class="sy0">-&gt;</span><span class="me1">getPhoto</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy0">.</span> <span class="st0">&#8220;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&#8221;</span><span class="sy0">;</span><br /> <span class="br0">}</span><br /> <span class="sy1">?&gt;</span></div>

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		<title>Escribir en chino, japonés y coreano en Ubuntu con SCIM</title>
		<link>http://www.eridem.net/escribir-en-chino-japones-y-coreano-en-ubuntu-con-scim/</link>
		<comments>http://www.eridem.net/escribir-en-chino-japones-y-coreano-en-ubuntu-con-scim/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 13 Apr 2009 19:23:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>ERiDeM</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[China]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Countries]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Japan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Korea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Languages]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.eridem.net/?p=371</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[SCIM (Smart Common Input Method) es una plataforma de m&#233;todos de entrada (IM) que nos permite el uso de m&#225;s de treinta lenguajes de escritura en algunos sistemas operativos como Linux o BSD. Utiliza una simple estructura que permite la adicci&#243;n de nuevos lenguajes. Adem&#225;s, existe una interfaz gr&#225;fica que nos permite la configuraci&#243;n y [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.scim-im.org/">SCIM</a> (Smart Common Input Method) es una plataforma de m&eacute;todos de entrada (IM) que nos permite el uso de m&aacute;s de treinta lenguajes de escritura en algunos sistemas operativos como Linux o BSD. Utiliza una simple estructura que permite la adicci&oacute;n de nuevos lenguajes. Adem&aacute;s, existe una interfaz gr&aacute;fica que nos permite la configuraci&oacute;n y cambio de idiomas, mediante shortcuts, de manera f&aacute;cil y clara.</p>
<p>Durante este tutorial aprenderemos como poder usar SCIM para poder escribir en tres idiomas asi&aacute;ticos: Chino, Japon&eacute;s y Coreano. Al finalizar &eacute;ste, seremos capaz de escribir tanto con un teclado convencional (Gen&eacute;rico de 105 teclas en espa&ntilde;ol), mediante el uso de Romaji para japon&eacute;s y Romaja parael coreano, es decir, escribir fon&eacute;ticamente para que aparezca la escritura en sus respectivos idiomas; como el uso de los idiomas con los teclados de cada pais (chino, japon&eacute;s y coreano), es decir, pulsando las teclas con sus correspondientes s&iacute;mbolos.</p>
<h2>1. Instalando SCIM con los idiomas<br /></h2>
<p>Si llegaste hasta aqu&iacute; porque ya intentaste instalar SCIM con estos idiomas y no lo conseguiste, primeramente recomiendo desinstalar todo lo relacionado con SCIM en tu m&aacute;quina:</p>
<p class="code bash" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c20cb9; font-weight: bold;">sudo</span> <span style="color: #c20cb9; font-weight: bold;">apt-get</span> remove <span style="color: #660033;">&#45;&#45;purge</span> libscim8c2a scim scim-<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">*</span></span></p>
<p>Ahora podemos continuar con una instalaci&oacute;n limpia. Lo primero que deberemos hacer es instalar todos los paquetes, usaremos cuatro comandos para separar los idiomas, en el caso de que no necesites instalarlos todos. El primer comando es de instalaci&oacute;n obligatoria. El segundo es el chino, el tercero el japon&eacute;s y el cuarto el coreano.</p>
<p  class="code bash" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c20cb9; font-weight: bold;">sudo</span> <span style="color: #c20cb9; font-weight: bold;">aptitude</span> <span style="color: #c20cb9; font-weight: bold;">install</span> uim anthy scim-gtk2-immodule scim-uim<br /><span style="color: #c20cb9; font-weight: bold;">sudo</span> <span style="color: #c20cb9; font-weight: bold;">aptitude</span> <span style="color: #c20cb9; font-weight: bold;">install</span> scim-chinese scim-tables-zh<br /><span style="color: #c20cb9; font-weight: bold;">sudo</span> <span style="color: #c20cb9; font-weight: bold;">aptitude</span> <span style="color: #c20cb9; font-weight: bold;">install</span> scim-tables-ja<br /><span style="color: #c20cb9; font-weight: bold;">sudo</span> <span style="color: #c20cb9; font-weight: bold;">aptitude</span> <span style="color: #c20cb9; font-weight: bold;">install</span> scim-hangul scim-tables-ko</span></p>
<p>Una vez instalados los paquetes sin problemas, deberemos crear un archivo de configuraci&oacute;n para que se inicie SCIM al arrancar la interfaz gr&aacute;fica. Para ello usaremos el editor de GNOME (o en KDE usaremos <strong><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">kate</span></strong>):</p>
<p class="bash" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c20cb9; font-weight: bold;">sudo</span> <strong>gedit</strong> <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">/</span>etc<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">/</span>X11<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">/</span>Xsession.d<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">/</span>74custom-scim_startup</span></p>
<p>Y a&ntilde;adiremos dentro del archivo el siguiente contenido:</p>
<p class="code" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">export</span> <span style="color: #007800;">XMODIFIERS</span>=<span style="color: #ff0000;">&#34;@im=SCIM&#34;</span></span><br /><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">export</span> <span style="color: #007800;">GTK_IM_MODULE</span>=<span style="color: #ff0000;">&#34;scim&#34;</span></span><br /><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">export</span> <span style="color: #007800;">XIM_PROGRAM</span>=<span style="color: #ff0000;">&#34;scim -d&#34;</span></span><br /><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">export</span> <span style="color: #007800;">QT_IM_MODULE</span>=<span style="color: #ff0000;">&#34;scim&#34;</span></span></p>
<p>Ahora cerraremos el editor y le daremos solo permisos de lectura al archivo:</p>
<p class="code bash" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c20cb9; font-weight: bold;">sudo</span> <span style="color: #c20cb9; font-weight: bold;">chmod</span> <span style="color: #000000;">644</span> <span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">/</span>etc<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">/</span>X11<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">/</span>Xsession.d<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">/</span>74custom-scim_startup</span></p>
<h2>2. Arrancando SCIM autom&aacute;ticamente en KDE y GNOME</h2>
<p>Para que SCIM arranque autom&aacute;ticamente una vez iniciemos KDE o GNOME, deberemos crear un archivo de inicio.</p>
<h3>2.1. Archivo para KDE</h3>
<p>Abriremos <strong><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">kate</span></strong> con el siguiente comando:</p>
<p class="code bash" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><strong>kate</strong> ~<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">/</span>.kde<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">/</span>Autostart<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">/</span>startscim</span></p>
<p>Y a&ntilde;adiremos el siguiente contenido:</p>
<p class="code bash" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #666666; font-style: italic;">#!/bin/sh</span><br /><strong>scim</strong> <span style="color: #660033;">-d</span></span></p>
<p>Ahora le aplicaremos los permisos adecuados:</p>
<p class="code bash" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c20cb9; font-weight: bold;">sudo</span> <span style="color: #c20cb9; font-weight: bold;">chmod</span> <span style="color: #000000;">745</span> ~<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">/</span>.kde<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">/</span>Autostart<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">/</span>startscim</span></p>
<h3>2.2. Archivo para GNOME</h3>
<p>Abriremos <strong><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">gedit</span></strong> con el siguiente comando:</p>
<p class="code bash" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><strong>gedit</strong> ~<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">/</span>.gnome2<span style="color: #000000; font-weight: bold;">/</span>session-manual</span></p>
<p>Y a&ntilde;adiremos el siguiente contenido:</p>
<p class="code" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">[</span>Default<span style="color: #7a0874; font-weight: bold;">]</span></span><br /><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #007800;">num_clients</span>=<span style="color: #000000;">1</span></span><br /><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #000000;">0</span>,<span style="color: #007800;">RestartStyleHint</span>=<span style="color: #000000;">3</span></span><br /><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #000000;">0</span>,<span style="color: #007800;">Priority</span>=<span style="color: #000000;">50</span></span><br /><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #000000;">0</span>,<span style="color: #007800;">RestartCommand</span>=scim <span style="color: #660033;">-d</span></span><br /><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #000000;">0</span>,<span style="color: #007800;">Program</span>=scim</span></p>
<h2>3. Configurando SCIM</h2>
<p>Una vez realizado los pasos anteriores, arrancaremos SCIM con el siguiente comando:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><strong>scim</strong> -d</span></p>
<p>Nos aparecer&aacute; el icono de un teclado peque&ntilde;o en la bandeja del sistema. Pulsaremos con el bot&oacute;n derecho del rat&oacute;n sobre el y seleccionaremos la opci&oacute;n <strong>SCIM Setup</strong>. A partir de este momento, dejo unas capturas de la configuraci&oacute;n que debe tener SCIM.</p>
<h3>3.1. Configuraci&oacute;n global<br /></h3>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img style="border: 1px solid black;" src="http://www.eridem.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/scim01.png" alt="SCIM Configuration" /></p>
<h3>3.2. Configuraci&oacute;n de idiomas</h3>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img style="border: 1px solid black;" src="http://www.eridem.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/scim02.png" alt="SCIM Configuration" /></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img style="border: 1px solid black;" src="http://www.eridem.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/scim03.png" alt="SCIM Configuration" /></p>
<h3>3.3. Configuraci&oacute;n del entorno<br /></h3>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img style="border: 1px solid black;" src="http://www.eridem.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/scim04.png" alt="SCIM Configuration" /></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img style="border: 1px solid black;" src="http://www.eridem.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/scim05.png" alt="SCIM Configuration" /></p>
<p>Una vez configurado SCIM, <strong>deberemos</strong> reiniciar la m&aacute;quina. Esto es importante para poder empezar a usarlo.</p>
<h2>4. Utilizando SCIM</h2>
<p>De acuerdo a la configuraci&oacute;n anterior, aprenderemos las nociones b&aacute;sicas para cambiar entre idiomas y usarlos. Para intercambiar entre idiomas, pulsaremos CTRL+ESPACIO &oacute; CTRL+ALT+ESPACIO y nos aparecer&aacute; una barra en la que nos indica el lenguaje actual seleccionado. En la siguiente imagen vemos unos ejemplos de escritura seg&uacute;n la barra seleccionada.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img style="border: 0pt none;" src="http://www.eridem.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/scimbars.png" alt="SCIM Bars" width="553" height="137" /></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">En el caso de nuestro ejemplo, hemos seleccionado los idiomas correspondientes para la traducci&oacute;n fon&eacute;tica con un teclado en Espa&ntilde;ol. Es decir, en el segundo caso, hemos escrito &#8220;konnichiwa&#8221; y se ha traducido directamente al Hiragana. En el tercer caso hemos escrito &#8220;annyeong&#8221; y se ha traducido directamente al coreano. En estos dos ejemplos de teclado, hay que tener en cuenta que est&eacute;n seleccionadas los teclados JP y KR como vemos redondeados en la imagen.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">Intercambiando entre idiomas, podemos elegir otro tipo de coreano que sirve para teclados con simbolog&iacute;a coreana. En el caso del chino, surge de igual manera.</p>

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		<item>
		<title>Aprendiendo japonés en Rōmaji, II</title>
		<link>http://www.eridem.net/aprendiendo-japones-en-romaji-ii/</link>
		<comments>http://www.eridem.net/aprendiendo-japones-en-romaji-ii/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 12 Feb 2009 12:07:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>ERiDeM</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Japan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rōmaji]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Expresiones]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gramática]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Idiomas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Japón]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Japonés]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Números]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sujetos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tutorial]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Verbos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vocabulario]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.eridem.net/?p=284</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Primera lección para aprender japonés con la utilización de Romaji (utilizando el alfabeto occidental). Aprenderemos verbos, expresiones comunes, números, etc.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<style type="text/css">
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<td class="tdpost" style="text-align: center; width: 34%;"><a href="http://www.eridem.net/aprendiendo-japones-en-romaji/"></a><a href="http://www.eridem.net/aprendiendo-japones-en-romaji/">&Iacute;ndice</a></td>
<td class="tdpost" style="text-align: center; width: 33%;"><a href="http://www.eridem.net/aprendiendo-japones-en-romaji-i/">1</a></td>
<td class="tdpost" style="text-align: center; width: 33%;"><a href="http://www.eridem.net/aprendiendo-japones-en-romaji-ii/">2</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h1><a name="dia6"></a>D&iacute;a 6: Sayonara baby!</h1>
<p>Para ser amables con la gente japonesa, deberemos aprendernos los saludos m&aacute;s t&iacute;picos que mi amiga me ha ido ense&ntilde;ando. En esta tabla vemos los aprendidos hasta ahora:</p>
<table class="tablepost" style="width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost" style="width: 25%;"><strong>Konnichiwa</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost">Hola</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Sayonara</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost">Adi&oacute;s</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Matane</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost">Hasta luego</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Ohayo</strong> [<strong><em>gozaimasu</em></strong>]</td>
<td class="tdpost">Buenos d&iacute;as</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Konnichiwa</strong> [<strong><em>gozaimasu</em></strong>]</td>
<td class="tdpost">Buenas tardes (good afternoon)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Konbanwa</strong> [<strong><em>gozaimasu</em></strong>]</td>
<td class="tdpost">Buenas tardes (good evening)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Oyasumi</strong> [<strong><em>gozaimasu</em></strong>]</td>
<td class="tdpost">Buenas noches</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>La palabra <em>gozaimasu</em> es una palabra formal que indica algo as&iacute; como &#8220;<em>muy buenas&#8230;</em>&#8220;. Algunos de estos saludos creo que os sonar&aacute;n &#8220;<em>sayonara baby</em>&#8221; (by Terminator), aunque lo m&aacute;s normal es decir &#8220;<em>matane</em>&#8221; entre amigos y buenos conocidos.</p>
<h1><a name="dia7"></a>D&iacute;a 7: Adjetivos posesivos</h1>
<p>Los adjetivos posesivos en japon&eacute;s los aprenderemos de inmediato, pues para crear un adjetivo posesivo utilizaremos el subjeto m&aacute;s &#8220;no&#8221;.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">[Sujeto] + no + [Objeto poseido]</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">Otra de las cualidades a tener en cuenta es que no usan el plural, as&iacute; que m&aacute;s f&aacute;cil todav&iacute;a (bueno, me ha comentado que se usan en momentos especiales, as&iacute; que de momento no los vemos). A continuaci&oacute;n se muestra una lista completa de los posesivos:</p>
<table class="tablepost" style="width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost" style="width: 30%;"><strong>Watashi</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost" style="width: 10%;"><strong>no</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost" style="width: 30%;">kuruma</td>
<td class="tdpost" style="width: 30%;"><strong>Mi</strong> coche</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Anata</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>no</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost">enpitsu</td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Tu</strong> l&aacute;piz</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Kare / Kanjyo</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>no</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost">ie</td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Su</strong> casa</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Watashitachi</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>no</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost">ki</td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Nuestro</strong> &aacute;rbol</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Anatatachi</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>no</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost">pasokon</td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Vuestro</strong> ordenador</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Karera / Kanojyotachi</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>no</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost">tokei</td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Su</strong> reloj</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<table class="tablepost" style="width: 15%;" border="1" align="right">
<tbody>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost" style="text-align: center; width: 34%;"><a href="http://www.eridem.net/aprendiendo-japones-en-romaji/"></a><a href="http://www.eridem.net/aprendiendo-japones-en-romaji/">&Iacute;ndice</a></td>
<td class="tdpost" style="text-align: center; width: 33%;"><a href="http://www.eridem.net/aprendiendo-japones-en-romaji-i/">1</a></td>
<td class="tdpost" style="text-align: center; width: 33%;"><a href="http://www.eridem.net/aprendiendo-japones-en-romaji-ii/">2</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>&nbsp;</p>

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		<title>Aprendiendo japonés en Rōmaji</title>
		<link>http://www.eridem.net/aprendiendo-japones-en-romaji/</link>
		<comments>http://www.eridem.net/aprendiendo-japones-en-romaji/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2009 22:09:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>ERiDeM</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Japan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rōmaji]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Expresiones]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gramática]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Idiomas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Japón]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Japonés]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Números]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sujetos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tutorial]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Verbos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vocabulario]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.eridem.net/?p=262</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Primera lección para aprender japonés con la utilización de Romaji (utilizando el alfabeto occidental). Aprenderemos verbos, expresiones comunes, números, etc.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h1>Introducci&oacute;n</h1>
<p>Recientemente he encontrado a una amiga japonesa en Internet que quiere aprender espa&ntilde;ol. A cambio de mi ayuda, he decidido aprender al mismo tiempo japon&eacute;s.</p>
<p>Durante los tutoriales que ir&eacute; creando, ir&eacute; explicando el lenguaje compartido que vamos aprendiendo. Esto no es un curso en toda regla de japon&eacute;s, simplemente mi avance en el idioma. As&iacute; pues, tampoco pretendo crear un gran manual sobre el idioma (puede que un d&iacute;a desespere y deje de aprenderlo, ya tengo bastante con el ingl&eacute;s ^^U).</p>
<p>Durante mis clases-chats estoy aprendi&eacute;ndo japon&eacute;s en Rōmaji. Es la forma m&aacute;s f&aacute;cil de empezar de inmediato y, aunque ser&iacute;a genial aprender el Hiragana y el Katana, por falta de tiempo no se puede aprender todo (al menos no lo aprender&eacute; hasta que vea hasta d&oacute;nde puedo llegar con el japon&eacute;s). No pido a nadie que tome los comentarios o la gram&aacute;tica al pie de la letra, al fin y al cabo es lo que me van ense&ntilde;ando a m&iacute;, y puede que lo que un d&iacute;a me digan &#8220;esto siempre es as&iacute;&#8221;, al cabo de un tiempo me digan que hay excepciones o hay otras formas de decirlo.</p>
<h1>&Iacute;ndice</h1>
<h2><a href="http://www.eridem.net/aprendiendo-japones-en-romaji-i/">D&iacute;a 1: Sujetos y verbo &#8220;ser/estar&#8221; en presente</a></h2>
<p>Aprenderemos los sujetos y nuestro primer verbo b&aacute;sico.</p>
<h2><a href="http://www.eridem.net/aprendiendo-japones-en-romaji-i/#dia2">D&iacute;a 2: Ningo de nanto iimasuka?</a></h2>
<p>Algunas frases hechas para ir memorizando.</p>
<h2><a href="http://www.eridem.net/aprendiendo-japones-en-romaji-i/#dia3">D&iacute;a 3: Onna-no-ko / Otoko-no-ko</a></h2>
<p>Vocabulario sobre las personas: <em>ni&ntilde;o</em>, <em>ni&ntilde;a</em>, <em>mujer</em>, <em>hombre</em>, &#8230; .</p>
<h2><a href="http://www.eridem.net/aprendiendo-japones-en-romaji-i/#dia4">D&iacute;a 4: Hanasu Taberu Sumu</a></h2>
<p>Aprenderemos tres verbos nuevos: <em>Hanasu</em> (<em>hablar</em>). <em>taberu</em> (<em>comer</em>) y <em>sumu</em> (<em>vivir</em>).</p>
<h2><a href="http://www.eridem.net/aprendiendo-japones-en-romaji-i/#dia5">D&iacute;a 5: N&uacute;meros</a></h2>
<p>Los n&uacute;meros del 1 al 99 en japon&eacute;s en cinco minutos.</p>
<h2><a href="http://www.eridem.net/aprendiendo-japones-en-romaji-ii/">D&iacute;a 6: Sayonara baby!</a></h2>
<p>Tipos de saludos que usamos: buenos días, tardes, hola, adios&#8230;</p>
<h2><a href="http://www.eridem.net/aprendiendo-japones-en-romaji-ii/#dia7">D&iacute;a 7: Adjetivos posesivos</a></h2>
<p>Usaremos adjetivos posesivos (mi, tu, su, &#8230;) y aprenderemos seis nombres para aplicarlos a los ejemplos.</p>

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		<item>
		<title>Aprendiendo japonés en Rōmaji, I</title>
		<link>http://www.eridem.net/aprendiendo-japones-en-romaji-i/</link>
		<comments>http://www.eridem.net/aprendiendo-japones-en-romaji-i/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 02 Feb 2009 19:13:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>ERiDeM</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Japan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rōmaji]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Expresiones]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gramática]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Idiomas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Japón]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Japonés]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Números]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Romanji]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sujetos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Tutorial]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Verbos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vocabulario]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.eridem.net/?p=224</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Primera lección para aprender japonés con la utilización de Romaji (utilizando el alfabeto occidental). Aprenderemos verbos, expresiones comunes, números, etc.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<style type="text/css">
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<table class="tablepost" style="width: 15%;" border="1" align="right">
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<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost" style="text-align: center; width: 34%;"><a href="http://www.eridem.net/aprendiendo-japones-en-romaji/"></a><a href="http://www.eridem.net/aprendiendo-japones-en-romaji/">&Iacute;ndice</a></td>
<td class="tdpost" style="text-align: center; width: 33%;"><a href="http://www.eridem.net/aprendiendo-japones-en-romaji-i/">1</a></td>
<td class="tdpost" style="text-align: center; width: 33%;"><a href="http://www.eridem.net/aprendiendo-japones-en-romaji-ii/">2</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h1><a name="dia1"></a><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-273" style="vertical-align: middle;" title="note" src="http://www.eridem.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/note.png" alt="note" width="40" height="40" />D&iacute;a 1: Sujetos y verbo &#8220;ser/estar&#8221; en presente</h1>
<h2>Tabla b&aacute;sica de sujetos</h2>
<table class="tablepost" style="width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost" style="width: 50%;"><strong>Watashi</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost" style="width: 80%;">Yo</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Anata</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost">T&uacute;</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Kare</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost">&Eacute;l</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Kanojyo</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost">Ella</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Watashitachi</strong> <em>(watashi + tachi)</em></td>
<td class="tdpost">Nosotros / Nosotras</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Anatatachi</strong> <em>(anata + tachi)</em></td>
<td class="tdpost">Vosotros / Vosotras</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Karera</strong> <em>(kare + ro)</em></td>
<td class="tdpost">Ellos</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Kanojyotachi</strong> <em>(kanojyo + tachi)</em></td>
<td class="tdpost">Ellas</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2>Verbo &#8220;ser/estar&#8221;</h2>
<p>El verbo &#8220;<em>ser/estar</em>&#8221; en presente es muy sencillo. Seguimos la siguiente estructura:  <em>SUJETO</em> <strong>ha</strong> <em>OBJETO</em> <strong>desu.</strong> &#8220;<em>Desu</em>&#8221; no es obligatorio, pero se debe expresar para ser educados. Si por ejemplo, nos presentamos por primera vez, deberemos de usarlo. Veamos la tabla completa:</p>
<table class="tablepost" style="width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost" style="width: 30%;">Watashi</td>
<td class="tdpost" style="width: 10%;"><strong>ha</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost" style="width: 20%;">Miguel</td>
<td class="tdpost" style="width: 10%;"><strong>desu.</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost" style="width: 30%;">Yo <strong>soy</strong> Miguel.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost">Anata</td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>ha</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost">Coo</td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>desu.</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost">T&uacute; <strong>eres</strong> Coo.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost">Kare / Kanojyo</td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>ha</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost">Sam</td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>desu.</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost">&Eacute;l/Ella <strong>es</strong> Sam.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost">Watashitachi</td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>ha</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost"><em>amigos</em></td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>desu.</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost">Nosotros/Nosotras <strong>somos</strong> amigos.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost">Anatatachi</td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>ha</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost"><em>amigos</em></td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>desu.</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost">Vosotros/Vosotras <strong>sois</strong> amigos.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost">Karera / Kanojyotachi</td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>ha</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost"><em>amigos</em></td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>desu.</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost">Ellos/Ellas <strong>son</strong> amigos.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="text-align: right;"><a href="http://www.eridem.net/aprendiendo-japones-en-romaji/"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-271" style="vertical-align: middle;" title="back" src="http://www.eridem.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/back.png" alt="back" width="15" height="15" /></a> <a href="http://www.eridem.net/aprendiendo-japones-en-romaji/">Volver al &iacute;ndice</a></p>
<h1><a name="dia2"></a><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-273" style="vertical-align: middle;" title="note" src="http://www.eridem.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/note.png" alt="note" width="40" height="40" />D&iacute;a 2: Ningo de nanto iimasuka?</h1>
<p>Mientras vamos aprendiendo, siempre surge el vocabulario b&aacute;sico de las primeras conversaciones. Aqu&iacute; una tabla de algunas expresiones b&aacute;sicas.</p>
<table class="tablepost" style="width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost" style="width: 50%;"><strong>Arigato</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost" style="width: 80%;">Gracias</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Wakarimashita</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost">Entiendo</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Do itashimashite</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost">De nada</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Mochiron!</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost">Por supuesto!</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Sinpai nai</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost">No te preocupes</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Konnichiwa</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost">Buenos d&iacute;as / Hola</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Nan desuka?</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost">&iquest;Qu&eacute;? (de &iquest;qu&eacute; significa?)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Hajimemashite</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost">Encantado de conocerte (formal)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Ningo de nanto iimasuka?</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost">C&oacute;mo se dice eso en japon&eacute;s?</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Ureshi</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost">Estoy feliz</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Tadaima</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost">He vuelto</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Itadakimasu</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost">Buen provecho</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="text-align: right;"><a href="http://www.eridem.net/aprendiendo-japones-en-romaji/"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-271" style="vertical-align: middle;" title="back" src="http://www.eridem.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/back.png" alt="back" width="15" height="15" /></a> <a href="http://www.eridem.net/aprendiendo-japones-en-romaji/">Volver al &iacute;ndice</a></p>
<h1><a name="dia3"></a><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-273" style="vertical-align: middle;" title="note" src="http://www.eridem.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/note.png" alt="note" width="40" height="40" />D&iacute;a 3: Onna-no-ko / Otoko-no-ko</h1>
<p>Mientras mi amiga logra aprender los verbos &#8220;<em>ser</em>&#8221; y &#8220;<em>estar</em>&#8220;, que en japon&eacute;s solo se dice &#8220;<em>ha</em>&#8220;, yo sigo pregunt&aacute;ndola sobre m&aacute;s vocabulario. Ella tiene una dura tarea, pues el verbo &#8220;<em>ser</em>&#8221; es irregular en espa&ntilde;ol y debe memorizarlo entero!</p>
<table class="tablepost" style="width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost" style="width: 50%;"><strong>Choshoku</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost">Desayuno &oacute; Comida</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Yushoku</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost">Cena</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2>Tipos de personas</h2>
<table class="tablepost" style="width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost" style="width: 50%;"><strong>Onnanoko </strong><em>(Onna + no + ko)</em></td>
<td class="tdpost">Chica</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost" style="width: 20%;"><strong>Onnano hito</strong> <em>(Onna + no + hito)</em></td>
<td class="tdpost">Mujer</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Otokonoko</strong> <em>(Otoko + no + ko)</em></td>
<td class="tdpost">Chico</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Otokono hito<em> </em></strong><em>(Otoko + no + hito) </em></td>
<td class="tdpost">Hombre</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Kodoma</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost">Ni&ntilde;o</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Haha</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost">Madre (esto surgi&oacute; por reirnos en ingl&eacute;s)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Podemos ver un patr&oacute;n en las palabras.</p>
<ul>
<li>&#8220;<em>Anna</em>&#8221; significa &#8220;<em>femenino</em>&#8220;;</li>
<li>&#8220;<em>Otoko</em>&#8221; significa &#8220;<em>masculino</em>&#8220;;</li>
<li>&#8220;<em>no</em>&#8221; significa &#8220;<em>de</em>&#8220;;</li>
<li>&#8220;<em>Ko</em>&#8221; significa &#8220;<em>joven</em>&#8220;;</li>
<li>&#8220;<em>hito</em>&#8221; significa &#8220;<em>adulto</em>&#8220;.</li>
</ul>
<p>Entonces por ejemplo: [Femenino][De][Joven] = [Anna][no][ko] = Chica</p>
<p style="text-align: right;"><a href="http://www.eridem.net/aprendiendo-japones-en-romaji/"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-271" style="vertical-align: middle;" title="back" src="http://www.eridem.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/back.png" alt="back" width="15" height="15" /></a> <a href="http://www.eridem.net/aprendiendo-japones-en-romaji/">Volver al &iacute;ndice</a></p>
<h1><a name="dia4"></a><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-273" style="vertical-align: middle;" title="note" src="http://www.eridem.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/note.png" alt="note" width="40" height="40" />D&iacute;a 4: Hanasu Taberu Sumu</h1>
<p>Hoy hemos aprendido algunos verbos comunes. Estos son &#8220;<em>hanasu</em>&#8221; (hablar), &#8220;<em>taberu</em>&#8221; (comer) y &#8220;<em>sumu</em>&#8221; (vivir). La verdad es que me ha impresionado la facilidad para aprenderlos, pues pensaba que ser&iacute;a como en espa&ntilde;ol y tendr&iacute;a que aprenderme cada una de las formas verbales para cada uno de los sujetos. Adem&aacute;s, he aprendido dos cosas interesantes. La primera es el porqu&eacute; de que la sentencia est&eacute; en presente. La segunda es pasar la expresi&oacute;n a negativo. La estructura que siguen los verbos es la siguiente:  <em>SUJETO </em><strong>ha</strong> <em>VERBO_CONJUGADO</em>[-<strong>masun</strong> | -<strong>masen</strong>]  Podemos ver ciertas caracter&iacute;sticas a esta estructura:</p>
<ol>
<li><strong>Se usa el verbo &#8220;<em>ha</em>&#8220;</strong> (ser) entre el sujeto y el verbo para los verbos japoneses.</li>
<li>El verbo a usar <strong>est&aacute; en forma conjugada</strong>, es decir, no es directamente &#8220;<em>hanasu</em>&#8220;, &#8220;<em>taberu</em>&#8221; o &#8220;<em>sumu</em>&#8220;.</li>
<li>&#8220;<em>Masun</em>&#8221; se pone al final del verbo para que la sentencia sea en <strong>afirmativo</strong>.</li>
<li>&#8220;<em>Masen</em>&#8221; se pone al final del verbo para que la sentencia sea en <strong>negativo</strong>.</li>
<li>Tanto &#8220;<em>masun</em>&#8221; como &#8220;<em>masen</em>&#8221; no se ponen como una nueva palabra, sino que es <strong>la terminaci&oacute;n del verbo</strong>.</li>
</ol>
<p>C&oacute;mo pod&eacute;is ver, se usa el verbo &#8220;<em>ser</em>&#8221; para cada uno de los verbos, despu&eacute;s se utiliza el verbo en su forma conjugada y &#8220;<em>masun</em>&#8221; para aplicar la sentencia en afirmativo y &#8220;<em>masen</em>&#8221; para aplicarla en negativo. &#8220;<em>masun</em>&#8221; y &#8220;<em>masen</em>&#8221; se pegan al verbo, no es una nueva palabra. Veamos las tres tablas conjugadas:</p>
<h2>Tabla verbo Hanasu (hablar)</h2>
<p>El verbo conjugado es &#8220;<em>hanashi</em>&#8220;. En lugar de crear una tabla en afirmativo, crearemos una mitad en afirmativo y la otra en negativo.</p>
<table class="tablepost" style="width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost" style="width: 20%;">Watashi</td>
<td class="tdpost" style="width: 10%;">ha</td>
<td class="tdpost" style="width: 40%;"><strong>hanashimasu</strong> (<em>hanashi</em> + <em>masu</em>)</td>
<td class="tdpost" style="width: 30%;">Yo <strong>hablo</strong>.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost">Anata</td>
<td class="tdpost">ha</td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>hanashimasu</strong> (<em>hanashi</em> + <em>masu</em>)</td>
<td class="tdpost">T&uacute; <strong>hablas</strong>.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost">Kare / Kanojyo</td>
<td class="tdpost">ha</td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>hanashimasu</strong> (<em>hanashi</em> + <em>masu</em>)</td>
<td class="tdpost">&Eacute;l/Ella <strong>habla</strong>.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost">Watashitachi</td>
<td class="tdpost">ha</td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>hanashimasen</strong> (<em>hanashi</em> + <strong><em>masen</em></strong>)</td>
<td class="tdpost">Nosotros/Nosotras <strong>no</strong> <strong>hablamos</strong>.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost">Anatatachi</td>
<td class="tdpost">ha</td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>hanashimasen</strong> (<em>hanashi</em> + <strong><em>masen</em></strong>)</td>
<td class="tdpost">Vosotros/Vosotras <strong>no habl&aacute;is</strong>.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost">Karera / Kanojyotachi</td>
<td class="tdpost">ha</td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>hanashimasen</strong> (<em>hanashi</em> + <strong><em>masen</em></strong>)</td>
<td class="tdpost">Ellos/Ellas <strong>no hablan</strong>.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2>Tabla verbo Taberu (comer)</h2>
<p>El verbo conjugado es &#8220;<em>tabe</em>&#8220;. En lugar de crear una tabla en afirmativo, crearemos una mitad en afirmativo y la otra en negativo.</p>
<table class="tablepost" style="width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost" style="width: 20%;">Watashi</td>
<td class="tdpost" style="width: 10%;">ha</td>
<td class="tdpost" style="width: 40%;"><strong>tabe</strong><strong>masu</strong> (<em>tabe</em> + <em>masu</em>)</td>
<td class="tdpost" style="width: 30%;">Yo <strong>como</strong>.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost">Anata</td>
<td class="tdpost">ha</td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>tabe</strong><strong>masu</strong> (<em>tabe</em> + <em>masu</em>)</td>
<td class="tdpost">T&uacute; <strong>comes</strong>.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost">Kare / Kanojyo</td>
<td class="tdpost">ha</td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>tabe</strong><strong>masu</strong> (<em>tabe</em> + <em>masu</em>)</td>
<td class="tdpost">&Eacute;l/Ella <strong>come</strong>.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost">Watashitachi</td>
<td class="tdpost">ha</td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>tabemasen</strong> (<em>tabe</em> + <strong><em>masen</em></strong>)</td>
<td class="tdpost">Nosotros/Nosotras <strong>no</strong> <strong>comemos</strong>.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost">Anatatachi</td>
<td class="tdpost">ha</td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>tabemasen</strong> (<em>tabe</em> + <strong><em>masen</em></strong>)</td>
<td class="tdpost">Vosotros/Vosotras <strong>no com&eacute;is</strong>.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost">Karera / Kanojyotachi</td>
<td class="tdpost">ha</td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>tabemasen</strong> (<em>tabe</em> + <strong><em>masen</em></strong>)</td>
<td class="tdpost">Ellos/Ellas <strong>no comen</strong>.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2>Tabla verbo Sumu (vivir)</h2>
<p>El verbo conjugado es &#8220;<em>sumi</em>&#8220;. En lugar de crear una tabla en afirmativo, crearemos una mitad en afirmativo y la otra en negativo.</p>
<table class="tablepost" style="width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost" style="width: 20%;">Watashi</td>
<td class="tdpost" style="width: 10%;">ha</td>
<td class="tdpost" style="width: 40%;"><strong>sumimasu</strong> (<em>sumi</em> + <em>masu</em>)</td>
<td class="tdpost" style="width: 30%;">Yo <strong>vivo</strong>.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost">Anata</td>
<td class="tdpost">ha</td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>sumimasu</strong> (<em>sumi</em> + <em>masu</em>)</td>
<td class="tdpost">T&uacute; <strong>vives</strong>.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost">Kare / Kanojyo</td>
<td class="tdpost">ha</td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>sumimasu</strong> (<em>sumi</em> + <em>masu</em>)</td>
<td class="tdpost">&Eacute;l/Ella <strong>vive</strong>.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost">Watashitachi</td>
<td class="tdpost">ha</td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>sumimasen</strong> (<em>sumi</em> + <strong><em>masen</em></strong>)</td>
<td class="tdpost">Nosotros/Nosotras <strong>no</strong> <strong>vivimos</strong>.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost">Anatatachi</td>
<td class="tdpost">ha</td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>sumimasen</strong> (<em>sumi</em> + <strong><em>masen</em></strong>)</td>
<td class="tdpost">Vosotros/Vosotras <strong>no viv&iacute;s</strong>.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost">Karera / Kanojyotachi</td>
<td class="tdpost">ha</td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>sumimasen</strong> (<em>sumi</em> + <strong><em>masen</em></strong>)</td>
<td class="tdpost">Ellos/Ellas <strong>no viven</strong>.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="text-align: right;"><a href="http://www.eridem.net/aprendiendo-japones-en-romaji/"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-271" style="vertical-align: middle;" title="back" src="http://www.eridem.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/back.png" alt="back" width="15" height="15" /></a> <a href="http://www.eridem.net/aprendiendo-japones-en-romaji/">Volver al &iacute;ndice</a></p>
<h1><a name="dia5"></a><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-273" style="vertical-align: middle;" title="note" src="http://www.eridem.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/note.png" alt="note" width="40" height="40" />D&iacute;a 5: N&uacute;meros</h1>
<p>Lo b&aacute;sico al aprender un nuevo idioma es, al menos, aprender los n&uacute;meros. Los n&uacute;meros en japon&eacute;s no son igual que en espa&ntilde;ol, son mucho m&aacute;s f&aacute;ciles. Solo deberemos aprendernos los diez primeros n&uacute;meros de memoria y los dem&aacute;s los obtendremos por combinaci&oacute;n de &eacute;stos.</p>
<table class="tablepost" style="width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost" style="width: 20%;">1</td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Ichi</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost">2</td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Ni</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost">3</td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>San</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost">4</td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Shi</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost">5</td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Go</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost">6</td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Roku</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost">7</td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Nana</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost">8</td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Hachi</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost">9</td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Kyu</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost">10</td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Jyu</strong></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>A partir de este momento, la estructura es muy parecida al uso de las decenas:  [<em>Decena</em>][<em>Jyu</em>] [<em>Unidad</em>] = (<em>Decena</em> * 10) + <em>Unidad</em> A veces soy demasiado t&eacute;cnico en el aprendizaje de las cosas. A lo que me refieron con la anterior expresi&oacute;n anterior es que, por ejemplo, si queremos expresar el n&uacute;mero 24 diremos: 2 <em>jyu</em> 4. Y as&iacute; podemos formular todos los n&uacute;meros hasta el 99. La excepci&oacute;n est&aacute; en los n&uacute;meros del 11 al 19, en los que usamos simplemente [<em>Jyu</em>][<em>Unidad</em>]. Los n&uacute;meros 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 y 90 se expresar&aacute;n sin el uso de <em>Unidad</em>.  En la siguiente tabla vemos algunos ejemplos de n&uacute;meros al azar, ya que todos se construyen de igual forma:</p>
<table class="tablepost" style="width: 100%;" border="1">
<tbody>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost" style="width: 20%;">19</td>
<td class="tdpost" style="width: 20%;">10 + <strong>9</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost">Jyu<strong>kyu</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost">28</td>
<td class="tdpost">(<strong>2</strong> * 10) + <strong>8</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Ni</strong>jyu <strong>hachi</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost">37</td>
<td class="tdpost">(<strong>3</strong> * 10) + <strong>7</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>San</strong>jyu <strong>nana</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost">46</td>
<td class="tdpost">(<strong>4</strong> * 10) + <strong>6</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Shi</strong>jyu <strong>roku</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost">55</td>
<td class="tdpost">(<strong>5</strong> * 10) + <strong>5</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Go</strong>jyu <strong>go</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost">64</td>
<td class="tdpost">(<strong>6</strong> * 10) + <strong>4</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Roku</strong>jyu <strong>shi</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost">73</td>
<td class="tdpost">(<strong>7</strong> * 10) + <strong>3</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Nana</strong>jyu <strong>san</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost">82</td>
<td class="tdpost">(<strong>8</strong> * 10) + <strong>2</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Hachi</strong>jyu <strong>ni</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost">91</td>
<td class="tdpost">(<strong>9</strong> * 10) + <strong>1</strong></td>
<td class="tdpost"><strong>Kyu</strong>jyu <strong>ichi</strong></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Mediante un poco de pr&aacute;ctica combinada con un poco de l&oacute;gica, lograremos decir cualquier n&uacute;mero en cuesti&oacute;n de poco tiempo.</p>
<table class="tablepost" style="width: 15%;" border="1" align="right">
<tbody>
<tr class="trpost">
<td class="tdpost" style="text-align: center; width: 34%;"><a href="http://www.eridem.net/aprendiendo-japones-en-romaji/"></a><a href="http://www.eridem.net/aprendiendo-japones-en-romaji/">&Iacute;ndice</a></td>
<td class="tdpost" style="text-align: center; width: 33%;"><a href="http://www.eridem.net/aprendiendo-japones-en-romaji-i/">1</a></td>
<td class="tdpost" style="text-align: center; width: 33%;"><a href="http://www.eridem.net/aprendiendo-japones-en-romaji-ii/">2</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

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		<title>Como hacer un trabajo profesional con LaTeX</title>
		<link>http://www.eridem.net/como-hacer-un-trabajo-profesional-con-latex/</link>
		<comments>http://www.eridem.net/como-hacer-un-trabajo-profesional-con-latex/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 24 Jan 2009 14:20:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>ERiDeM</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Instalaciones]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Kile]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[LaTeX]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[MikTeX]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Procesadores de texto]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[TeXnicCenter]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.eridem.net/?p=190</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[&#191;Qu&#233; es LaTeX?
LaTeX es un lenguaje de marcado de uso obligatorio para todo aquel que quiera realizar un trabajo, tesis o cualquier texto con calidad profesional. Su uso est&#225; orientado especialmente a la composici&#243;n de art&#237;culos cient&#237;ficos, lo que no implica que no se pueda usar en otros &#225;mbitos. Trabajar con LaTeX no es igual [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h1>&iquest;Qu&eacute; es LaTeX?<br /></h1>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><a title="LaTeX en Wikipedia" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaTeX" target="_blank">LaTeX</a> es un lenguaje de marcado de uso obligatorio para todo aquel que quiera realizar un trabajo, tesis o cualquier texto con calidad profesional. Su uso est&aacute; orientado especialmente a la composici&oacute;n de art&iacute;culos cient&iacute;ficos, lo que no implica que no se pueda usar en otros &aacute;mbitos. Trabajar con LaTeX no es igual que trabajar con cualquier procesador de textos del estilo de <a title="OpenOffice en Wikipedia." href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenOffice.org" target="_blank">OpenOffice</a> u <a title="Microsoft Office en Wikipedia." href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Office" target="_blank">Microsoft Office</a>. No necesitaremos ning&uacute;n editor especial (aunque posteriormente veremos algunos), &uacute;nicamente necesitaremos escribir en cualquier archivo la estructura de nuestro documento (por ejemplo, con el <a title="Bloc de Notas en Wikipedia" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloc_de_notas" target="_blank">Bloc de Notas</a> o el editor <a title="GEdit en Wikipedia" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gedit" target="_blank">GEdit</a>) y utilizar un compilador para que nos genere el documento. As&iacute; pues, al escribir nuestros documentos con LaTeX, no estaremos viendo realmente como va a ser nuestro resultado final aunque, creerme, el compilador nos reordenar&aacute; nuestros p&aacute;rrafos, dar&aacute; el formato adecuado a cada uno de nuestros textos y nos guardar&aacute; el resultado en un archivo <a title="PDF en Wikipedia" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pdf" target="_blank">PDF</a>, <a title="DVI en Wikipedia" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVI_%28TeX%29" target="_blank">DVI</a> o <a title="Postscript en Wikipedia" href="http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postscript" target="_blank">Postscript</a>. Si todav&iacute;a no sabes muy bien de que va la cosa, no te preocupes, ser&aacute; m&aacute;s f&aacute;cil de lo que parecer&aacute; y al terminar de leer este documento ser&aacute;s capaz de crear una memoria/proyecto/tesis como en este ejemplo. El &iacute;ndice que seguir&aacute; este tutorial consta de los siguientes temas:</p>
<ol>
<li><a href="#c_estructurabasica">Estructura b&aacute;sica de un documento en LaTeX</a></li>
<li><a href="#c_formato">Dando formato al texto</a>
<ol>
<li><a href="#c_tildes">Antiguo problema con las tildes y las e&ntilde;es</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><a href="#c_posicionamiento">Posicionamiento del texto</a></li>
<li><a href="#c_portada">Creando una portada y un &iacute;ndice<br /></a></li>
<li><a href="#c_capitulos">Cap&iacute;tulos: secciones y subsecciones</a></li>
<li><a href="#c_enumeraciones">Enumeraciones y listas</a></li>
<li><a href="#c_compilando">C&oacute;digo fuente</a></li>
<li><a href="#c_compilando">Compilando documentos LaTeX desde MS-Windows y GNU-Linux Ubuntu</a>
<ol>
<li><a href="#s_instwindows">Instalaci&oacute;n en MS-Windows</a></li>
<li><a href="#s_instubuntu">Instalaci&oacute;n en GNU-Linux Ubuntu</a></li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><a href="#c_plantillas">Algunas plantillas de LaTeX</a></li>
</ol>
<p>Este tutorial es la segunda edici&oacute;n de otro m&aacute;s antiguo que hice y que a&uacute;n conservo. Pod&eacute;is encontrar la versi&oacute;n anterior <a href="http://www.eridem.net/como-hacer-un-trabajo-profesional-con-latex-e1">aqu&iacute;</a>.</p>
<h1><a name="c_estructurabasica"></a>1. Estructura b&aacute;sica de un documento LaTeX</h1>
<p style="text-align: justify;">La estructura b&aacute;sica de un archivo de c&oacute;digo LaTeX es la siguiente:</p>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #2c922c; font-style: italic;"><a name="sc_estructurabasica"></a>%Tamanyo y tipo de documento que queremos escribir</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">\documentclass<span style="color: #0000d0;">[</span><span style="color: #c08020; font-weight: normal;">10pt,graphicx,caption,rotating</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">]{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;">article</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #2c922c; font-style: italic;">%Paquetes para el idioma, las ti&shy;ldes, etc.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\usepackage</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">[</span><span style="color: #c08020; font-weight: normal;">activeacute,spanish</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">]{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;">babel</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\usepackage</span></span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000d0;">[</span><span style="color: #c08020; font-weight: normal;">utf8</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">]{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;">inputenc</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #2c922c; font-style: italic;">%Abrimos el bloque para escribir el documento</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">\begin</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">document</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000d0;"><br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp; Aqu&iacute; empezaremos a escribir nuestro documento. Pueden ser trabajos, tesis, cartas, etc.</span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"> <br /></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><br /></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">\end</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">document</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #2c922c; font-style: italic;">%Cerramos el bloque para escribir el documento</span></span></li>
</ol>
<p class="latex" style="font-family: monospace; padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">C&oacute;digo 1.1: Estructura b&aacute;sica de un documento LaTeX</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Como podemos ver en el c&oacute;digo <a href="#sc_estructurabasica">1.1</a> la l&iacute;nea 2 nos indica que clase de documento queremos crear. En ese caso un documento de tipo art&iacute;culo y con un tama&ntilde;o de letra 10 por defecto. Las l&iacute;neas de la 5 a la 7 nos indican paquetes que se van a utilizar en el documento. Los paquetes a&ntilde;aden nueva funcionalidad y formatos a nuestro documento LaTeX. Estos paquetes se aprenden a usar seg&uacute;n avancen nuestros conocimientos en el uso de LaTeX. Por ahora, dejaremos &eacute;stos por defecto en nuestro tutorial.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Podemos a&ntilde;adir comentarios en LaTeX (que no aparecer&aacute;n en el resultado final) a&ntilde;adiendo<span style="color: #2c922c; font-style: italic;"> <span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">%</span></span> al principio de una l&iacute;nea. Los comentarios nos servir&aacute;n como &#8220;notas mentales&#8221; mientras escribimos el documento. Podemos ver varios comentarios en las l&iacute;neas 1,4,9 y 15.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">LaTeX tiene una estructura por bloques, es decir, cada una de las secciones que queramos escribir (enumeraciones, portada, tablas, etc.) se escriben entre bloques que empiezan con <span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">\begin</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{&#8230;}</span></span> y terminan con <span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">\end</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">&#8230;</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span>.En la estructura b&aacute;sica existe un bloque en el que se nos permite empezar a escribir el documento: entre <span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">\begin</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">document</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span> y<span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;"> <span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">\end</span></span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">document</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span> (l&iacute;neas 10 y 14). Para finalizar, hemos escrito un ejemplo de texto en la linea 12 (que no tiene por qu&eacute; pertenecer a la estructura). El resultado de este peque&ntilde;o ejemplo se muestra a continuaci&oacute;n:</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.eridem.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/imagen_latex_1-1.png"><img style="border: 1px solid black;" src="http://www.eridem.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/imagen_latex_1-1.png" alt="Latex tutorial - Imagen del resultado" width="96%" /></a></p>
<h1><a name="c_formato"></a>2. Dando formato al texto</h1>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Ahora que tenemos la estructura b&aacute;sica de un documento en LaTeX, empezaremos a escribir dentro de &eacute;l. Todo aquello que escribamos, lo deberemos hacer dentro del bloque <span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">document</span></span></span> como vimos anteriormente.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Otra de las caracter&iacute;sticas esenciales en un documento es el formato que tiene el texto. Para aplicar un formato a un texto, tendremos que usar palabras clave que veremos en la siguiente lista y encerrar el texto entre corchetes:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\textit</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;">texto aqu&iacute;</span></span></strong><span style="color: #0000d0;"><strong><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">}</span></strong><br /></span>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Con esta expresi&oacute;n, el texto &#8220;texto aqu&iacute;&#8221; se transformar&aacute; en <em>it&aacute;lica</em>.</p>
</li>
<li><strong><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\textbf</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;">texto aqu&iacute;</span></span></strong><span style="color: #0000d0;"><strong><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">}</span></strong><br /></span>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Con esta expresi&oacute;n, el texto &#8220;texto aqu&iacute;&#8221; se transformar&aacute; en <strong>negrita</strong>.</p>
</li>
<li><strong><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\underline</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;">texto aqu&iacute;</span></span></strong><span style="color: #0000d0;"><strong><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">}<br /></span></strong></span>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Con esta expresi&oacute;n, el texto &#8220;texto aqu&iacute;&#8221; se <span style="text-decoration: underline;">subraya</span>.</p>
</li>
<li><strong><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\large</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;">texto aqu&iacute;</span></span></strong><span style="color: #0000d0;"><strong><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">}</span></strong><br /></span>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Con esta expresi&oacute;n, el texto &#8220;texto aqu&iacute;&#8221; se ver&aacute; mucho m&aacute;s <span style="font-size: small;">grande</span>.</p>
</li>
<li><strong><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\huge</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;">texto aqu&iacute;&shy;</span></span></strong><span style="color: #0000d0;"><strong><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">}</span></strong><br /></span>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Con esta expresi&oacute;n, el texto &#8220;texto aqu&iacute;&#8221; se ver&aacute; much&iacute;simo m&aacute;s <span style="font-size: medium;">grande</span>.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Pongamos en pr&aacute;ctica lo comentado anteriormente con un ejemplo. Escribamos &eacute;ste ejemplo m&aacute;s completo<code>:</code></p>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #2c922c; font-style: italic;"><a name="sc_formatos"></a>%Tamanyo y tipo de documento que queremos escribir</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">\documentclass<span style="color: #0000d0;">[</span><span style="color: #c08020; font-weight: normal;">10pt,graphicx,caption,rotating</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">]{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;">article</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #2c922c; font-style: italic;">%Paquetes para el idioma, las ti&shy;ldes, etc.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\usepackage</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">[</span><span style="color: #c08020; font-weight: normal;">activeacute,spanish</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">]{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;">babel</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\usepackage</span></span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000d0;">[</span><span style="color: #c08020; font-weight: normal;">utf8</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">]{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;">inputenc</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #2c922c; font-style: italic;">%Abrimos el bloque para escribir el documento</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">\begin</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">document</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">&nbsp; \textit</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;">Espa&ntilde;a es un pa&iacute;s</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span> en el que </span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\underline</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span></span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;">cada</span></span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"> vez <span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\textbf</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;">m&aacute;s gente</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span> usa <span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\textit</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;">LaTeX</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span>.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">\end</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">document</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #2c922c; font-style: italic;">%Cerramos el bloque para escribir el documento</span></span></li>
</ol>
<p class="latex" style="font-family: monospace; padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">C&oacute;digo 2.1. Ejemplo de texto con formato.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">No es com&uacute;n el uso de las etiquetas <span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\large</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;">&#8230;</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">}</span> </span>y <span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\huge</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;">&#8230;</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">}</span> </span>en p&aacute;rrafos. &Eacute;sta clase de etiquetas son m&aacute;s comunes en las portadas. El resultado del c&oacute;digo <a href="#sc_formatos">2.1</a> podemos verlo a continuaci&oacute;n:</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.eridem.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/imagen_latex_2-1.png"><img style="border: 1px solid black;" src="http://www.eridem.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/imagen_latex_2-1.png" alt="Latex tutorial - Imagen del resultado" width="96%" /></a></p>
<h2><a name="c_tildes"></a>2.1. Antiguo problema con las tildes y las e&ntilde;es</h2>
<p>No hace mucho, la gente que escrib&iacute;a documentos en LaTeX ten&iacute;a que usar las tildes y las e&ntilde;es de una forma muy especial. Esta forma consist&iacute;a en poner una barra y una tilde antes de la letra a tildar, de esta manera: <span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">\&#8217;a</span>. Lo mismo pasaba con las e&ntilde;es: <span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">\~n</span>. En la actualidad disponemos de unos paquetes para evitar esto:</p>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #2c922c; font-style: italic;">%Paquetes para el idioma, las ti&shy;ldes, etc.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\usepackage</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">[</span><span style="color: #c08020; font-weight: normal;">activeacute,spanish</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">]{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;">babel</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\usepackage</span></span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000d0;">[</span><span style="color: #c08020; font-weight: normal;">utf8</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">]{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;">inputenc</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
</ol>
<p>Si en alg&uacute;n momento ten&eacute;is problemas con vuestros documentos y las tildes, aseguraros de tener correctamente estas l&iacute;neas escritas.</p>
<h1><a name="c_posicionamiento"></a>3. Posicionamiento del texto</h1>
<p>A la hora de posicionar el texto, tenemos las tres posiciones b&aacute;sicas: izquierda, centrado y a la derecha. &Eacute;stas se definen mediante bloques, en los cuales en el interior escribimos el texto.</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Izquierda (por defecto):</p>
<p><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">\begin</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">flushleft</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span> <span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&#8230;</span> <span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">\end</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">flushleft</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Derecha:</p>
<p><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">\begin</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">flushright</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span> <span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&#8230;</span> <span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">\end</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">flushright</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Centrado:</p>
<p><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">\begin</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">center</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span> <span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&#8230;</span> <span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">\end</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">center</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>A continuaci&oacute;n vemos un ejemplo de su implementaci&oacute;n y su resultado.</p>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;"><a name="sc_posicionamiento"></a>\documentclass</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">[</span><span style="color: #c08020; font-weight: normal;">10pt,graphicx,caption,rotating</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">]{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;">article</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\usepackage</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">[</span><span style="color: #c08020; font-weight: normal;">activeacute,spanish</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">]{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;">babel</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\usepackage</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">[</span><span style="color: #c08020; font-weight: normal;">utf8</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">]{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;">inputenc</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #2c922c; font-style: italic;">%Abrimos el bloque para escribir el documento</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">\begin</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">document</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">&nbsp; \begin</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">flushleft</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Izquierda</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">&nbsp; \end</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">flushleft</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">&nbsp; \begin</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">center</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Centrado</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">&nbsp; \end</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">center</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">&nbsp; \begin</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">flushright</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;    Derecha</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">&nbsp; \end</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">flushright</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">\end</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">document</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #2c922c; font-style: italic;">%Cerramos el bloque para escribir el documento</span></span></li>
</ol>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">C&oacute;digo 3.1. Posicionamiento del texto.</span></p>
<h2 style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.eridem.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/imagen_latex_3-1.png"><img style="border: 1px solid black;" src="http://www.eridem.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/imagen_latex_3-1.png" alt="Latex tutorial - Imagen del resultado" width="96%" /></a></h2>
<h1><a name="c_portada"></a>4. Creando una portada y un &iacute;ndice<br /></h1>
<p style="text-align: justify;">El dise&ntilde;o de una portada es algo imprescindible en un trabajo, tesis o memoria. Las portadas son algo personal de cada uno, pero durante esta secci&oacute;n aprenderemos a crear una de las portadas predeterminadas que yo suelo usar.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Para crear una portada, crearemos un nuevo bloque dentro del bloque <span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">document</span></span></span> llamado <span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">titlepage</span></span></span>. El bloque <span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">titlepage</span> </span></span>encerrar&aacute; todo lo relacionado con la creaci&oacute;n de la portada. Ahora haremos uso de los formatos <span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\large</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;">&#8230;</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">}</span> </span>y <span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\huge</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;">&#8230;</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">}</span> </span>para resaltar el t&iacute;tulo y otra informaci&oacute;n que necesitemos. Otra de las caracter&iacute;sticas de las portadas es el espacio entre p&aacute;rrafos que marcaremos mediante la expresi&oacute;n <span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000d0;">\\</span></span> o la expresi&oacute;n <span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000d0;">\\[</span><span style="color: #c08020; font-weight: normal;">3cm</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">]</span></span> (el n&uacute;mero 3 es un ejemplo, podemos aplicar cualquier tama&ntilde;o) al final de cada linea. A continuaci&oacute;n vemos el ejemplo completo de mi portada:</p>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><a name="sc_portada"></a>\documentclass<span style="color: #0000d0;">[</span><span style="color: #c08020; font-weight: normal;">10pt,graphicx,caption,rotating</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">]{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;">article</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\usepackage</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">[</span><span style="color: #c08020; font-weight: normal;">activeacute,spanish</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">]{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;">babel</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\usepackage</span></span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000d0;">[</span><span style="color: #c08020; font-weight: normal;">utf8</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">]{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;">inputenc</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #2c922c; font-style: italic;">%Abrimos el bloque para escribir el documento</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">\begin</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">document</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #2c922c; font-style: italic;">&nbsp; %Abrimos el bloque para escribir la portada</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">&nbsp; \begin</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">titlepage</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \begin</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">center</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000d0;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; {</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\Large</span> PROCESADORES DE TEXTO AVANZADOS</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}\\</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000d0;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; {</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\Large</span> Ingenier&iacute;a en Inform&aacute;tica</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}\\[</span><span style="color: #c08020; font-weight: normal;">2cm</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">]</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000d0;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; {</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\Large</span> Curso 2008-2009</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}\\[</span><span style="color: #c08020; font-weight: normal;">3cm</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">]</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000d0;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; {</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\Huge</span> Pr&aacute;ctica 1:</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}\\</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000d0;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; {</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\Huge</span> Uso del <span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\LaTeX</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}\\[</span><span style="color: #c08020; font-weight: normal;">4cm</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">]</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000d0;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; {</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\Large</span> Alumno: Miguel &Aacute;ngel Dom&iacute;nguez Coloma</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}\\[</span><span style="color: #c08020; font-weight: normal;">3cm</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">]</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000d0;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; {</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\Large</span> Escuela T&eacute;cnica Superior de Ingenier&iacute;a Inform&aacute;tica</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \end</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">center</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">&nbsp; \end</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">titlepage</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #2c922c; font-style: italic;">&nbsp; %Cerramos el bloque para escribir la portada</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">\end</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">document</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #2c922c; font-style: italic;">%Cerramos el bloque para escribir el documento</span></span></li>
</ol>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">C&oacute;digo 4.1. Ejemplo completo de portada.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">El resultado del c&oacute;digo <a href="#sc_portada">4.1</a> es mostrado en la siguiente imagen:</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.eridem.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/imagen_latex_4-1.png"><img style="border: 1px solid black;" src="http://www.eridem.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/imagen_latex_4-1.png" alt="Latex tutorial - Imagen del resultado" width="96%" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Para crear un &iacute;ndice, ponemos a continuaci&oacute;n de la portada la siguiente instrucci&oacute;n:</p>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">\documentclass<span style="color: #0000d0;">[</span><span style="color: #c08020; font-weight: normal;">10pt,graphicx,caption,rotating</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">]{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;">article</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\usepackage</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">[</span><span style="color: #c08020; font-weight: normal;">activeacute,spanish</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">]{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;">babel</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\usepackage</span></span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000d0;">[</span><span style="color: #c08020; font-weight: normal;">utf8</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">]{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;">inputenc</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #2c922c; font-style: italic;">%Abrimos el bloque para escribir el documento</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">\begin</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">document</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span> <br /></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #2c922c; font-style: italic;">&nbsp; %Generamos un indice de los contenidos</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">&nbsp; \tableofcontents</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">&nbsp; \newpage</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">\end</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">document</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #2c922c; font-style: italic;">%Cerramos el bloque para escribir el documento</span></span></li>
</ol>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">C&oacute;digo 4.2. A&ntilde;adiendo un &iacute;ndice.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Ya que aun no hemos generado ning&uacute;n contenido, el &iacute;ndice aparecer&aacute; vac&iacute;o. Sin embargo, el ejemplo mostrado a continuaci&oacute;n nos da una idea de como se genera el &iacute;ndice en un trabajo ya terminado:</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.eridem.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/imagen_latex_4-2.png"><img style="border: 1px solid black;" src="http://www.eridem.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/imagen_latex_4-2.png" alt="Latex tutorial - Imagen del resultado" width="96%" /></a></p>
<h1><a name="c_capitulos"></a>5. Cap&iacute;tulos: secciones y subsecciones</h1>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Los cap&iacute;tulos o secciones, en cualquier trabajo, nos ayudan a envolver trozos de texto, im&aacute;genes, c&oacute;digo, etc. bajo el mismo nombre, ayud&aacute;ndonos a tener el documento bien organizado. Adem&aacute;s, nos servir&aacute;n para la generaci&oacute;n del &iacute;ndice. Por ejemplo, en este tutorial, las secciones ser&iacute;an todos aquellos t&iacute;tulos numerados y en grande. En LaTeX ocurre lo mismo. Adem&aacute;s, genera los n&uacute;meros autom&aacute;ticamente sin tener que escribirlos nosotros mismos. Esto nos ayuda a no tener que preocuparnos de que n&uacute;mero de secci&oacute;n estamos trabajando, y en el caso de insertar uno nuevo, se reconfigurar&iacute;an los n&uacute;meros de nuevo. Podemos crear dos tipos de secciones: secciones y subsecciones. Las secciones se numeran por un n&uacute;mero y las subsecciones dentro de una secci&oacute;n se enumeran con dos n&uacute;meros: el primero es el n&uacute;mero de secci&oacute;n y el segundo el n&uacute;mero de subsecci&oacute;n. Podemos tener hasta tres tipos de niveles para las secciones: secci&oacute;n ,<span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\section</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #00008b; font-weight: bold;">T\&#8217;itulo</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span>, subsecci&oacute;n <span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\subsection</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #00008b; font-weight: bold;">T\&#8217;itulo</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span> y <span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\subsubsection</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #00008b; font-weight: bold;">T\&#8217;itulo</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span>. Esta explicaci&oacute;n se ver&aacute; mejor siguiendo el siguiente ejemplo:</p>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><a name="sc_capitulos"></a>\documentclass<span style="color: #0000d0;">[</span><span style="color: #c08020; font-weight: normal;">10pt,graphicx,caption,rotating</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">]{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;">article</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\usepackage</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">[</span><span style="color: #c08020; font-weight: normal;">activeacute,spanish</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">]{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;">babel</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\usepackage</span></span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000d0;">[</span><span style="color: #c08020; font-weight: normal;">utf8</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">]{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;">inputenc</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #2c922c; font-style: italic;">%Abrimos el bloque para escribir el documento</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">\begin</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">document</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #2c922c; font-style: italic;">&nbsp; %Comenzamos nuestro documento</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">&nbsp; \section</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #00008b; font-weight: bold;">Estructura b&#8217;asica de un documento en LaTeX</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; La estructura b&#8217;asica de un archivo de c&#8217;odigo LaTeX es la siguiente&#8230;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">&nbsp; \section</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #00008b; font-weight: bold;">Dando formato al texto</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \subsection</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #00008b; font-weight: bold;">Tildes y e\~nes</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;      Ahora que tenemos la estructura b&#8217;asica&#8230;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \subsection</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #00008b; font-weight: bold;">Formato del texto</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \subsubsection</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #00008b; font-weight: bold;">Formato</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;        Otra de las caracter&#8217;isticas esenciales en un documento&#8230;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \subsubsection</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #00008b; font-weight: bold;">Ejemplo de c&#8217;odigo</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;        Pongamos en pr&#8217;actica lo comentado anteriormente&#8230;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">\end</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">document</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #2c922c; font-style: italic;">%Cerramos el bloque para escribir el documento</span></span></li>
</ol>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">C&oacute;digo 5.1. Secciones y subsecciones.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Como podemos ver en el c&oacute;digo <a href="#sc_capitulos">5.1</a> a las secciones no se las requiere se&ntilde;alar el fin de secci&oacute;n. Una vez que aparece una nueva secci&oacute;n del mismo nivel, se indica explicitamente que la anterior ya ha terminado. No es recomendable usar secciones de tercer nivel si nuestro documento no es muy extenso, ya que se generan multitud de t&iacute;tulos y dividimos nuestro trabajo en demasiadas secciones. El resultado obtenido est&aacute; representado en la siguiente imagen.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.eridem.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/imagen_latex_5-1.png"><img style="border: 1px solid black;" src="http://www.eridem.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/imagen_latex_5-1.png" alt="Latex tutorial - Imagen del resultado" width="96%" /></a></p>
<h1><a name="c_enumeraciones"></a>6. Enumeraciones y listas</h1>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Disponemos de dos clases de listas en LaTeX: enumeradas y no enumeradas. Las listas, al contrario de las secciones, siguen el modelo de bloque, es decir, hay que indicar el comienzo y el fin de cada lista:</p>
<ul>
<li>Listas no enumeradas
<p><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">\begin</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{itemize</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span><br /> &#8230;<br /> <span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">\end</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{itemize</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="latex">Listas enumeradas</p>
<p><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">\begin</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">enumerate</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span><br /> &#8230;<br /> <span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">\end</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">enumerate</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Los elementos a&ntilde;adidos dentro de las listas comenzar&aacute;n por el c&oacute;digo <span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\item</span></span>. Los elementos en las listas enumeradas no necesitan que les a&ntilde;adamos el n&uacute;mero de la secuencia, LaTeX la genera autom&aacute;ticamente. Veamos un ejemplo de los dos tipos de listas:</p>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><a name="sc_listas"></a>\documentclass<span style="color: #0000d0;">[</span><span style="color: #c08020; font-weight: normal;">10pt,graphicx,caption,rotating</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">]{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;">article</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\usepackage</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">[</span><span style="color: #c08020; font-weight: normal;">activeacute,spanish</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">]{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;">babel</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\usepackage</span></span><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #0000d0;">[</span><span style="color: #c08020; font-weight: normal;">utf8</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">]{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;">inputenc</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #2c922c; font-style: italic;">%Abrimos el bloque para escribir el documento</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">\begin</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">document</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #2c922c; font-style: italic;">&nbsp; % Listas ordenadas</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">&nbsp; \textbf</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;">Vida diaria:</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">&nbsp; \begin</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">enumerate</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \item</span> Levantarse</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \item</span> Ir a la universidad</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \item</span> Trabajar</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \item</span> Dormir <br /></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">&nbsp; \end</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">enumerate</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #2c922c; font-style: italic;">&nbsp; % Listas no ordenadas</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">&nbsp; \textbf</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;">Trabajos pendientes:</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">&nbsp; \begin</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">itemize</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \item</span> Trabajo de redes</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \item</span> Trabajo de bases de datos</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \item</span> Trabajo de sistemas operativos</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">&nbsp; \end</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">itemize</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">\end</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">document</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #2c922c; font-style: italic;">%Cerramos el bloque para escribir el documento</span></span></li>
</ol>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">C&oacute;digo 6.1. Listas enumeradas y no enumeradas.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Las listas podemos anidarlas y crear listas dentro de listas. Como podemos ver, los elementos de las listas no necesitan indicar el fin de cada elemento, una vez que encuentra otro elemento <span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\item</span></span>, se a&ntilde;ade uno nuevo autom&aacute;ticamente. El resultado del c&oacute;digo <a href="#sc_listas">6.1</a> es el siguiente:</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.eridem.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/imagen_latex_6-1.png"><img style="border: 1px solid black;" src="http://www.eridem.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/imagen_latex_6-1.png" alt="Latex tutorial - Imagen del resultado" width="96%" /></a></p>
<h1><a name="c_codigofuente"></a>7. C&oacute;digo fuente</h1>
<p>En LaTeX podemos a&ntilde;adir c&oacute;digo fuente, en el caso de que estemos redactando una memoria en la que necesitemos a&ntilde;adir lineas de c&oacute;digo. Para ello, a&ntilde;adiremos el c&oacute;digo entre los bloques <span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">\begin</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">verbatim</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span> y <span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">\end</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">verbatim</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span>. A continuaci&oacute;n, vemos un ejemplo de la insercci&oacute;n de un c&oacute;digo entre estos bloques:</p>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;"><a name="sc_codigofuente"></a>\documentclass</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">[</span><span style="color: #c08020; font-weight: normal;">10pt,graphicx,caption,rotating</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">]{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;">article</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\usepackage</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">[</span><span style="color: #c08020; font-weight: normal;">activeacute,spanish</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">]{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;">babel</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #800000; font-weight: normal;">\usepackage</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">[</span><span style="color: #c08020; font-weight: normal;">utf8</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">]{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;">inputenc</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #2c922c; font-style: italic;">%Abrimos el bloque para escribir el documento</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">\begin</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">document</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #2c922c; font-style: italic;">&nbsp; %Codigo fuente</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">&nbsp; \begin</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">verbatim</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; public class Server()</span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; {</span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;   public Server()</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;   {</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;      // Inicializar servidor</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; }</span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;   public void Stop()</span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; {</span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;      // Parar el servidor</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; }</span></span></li>
<li><span style="color: #808080;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; }</span></span> </li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">&nbsp; \end</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">verbatim</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span> </li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #c00000; font-weight: normal;">\end</span><span style="color: #0000d0;">{</span><span style="color: #2020c0; font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0000d0; font-weight: normal;">document</span></span><span style="color: #0000d0;">}</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #2c922c; font-style: italic;">%Cerramos el bloque para escribir el documento</span></span></li>
</ol>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">C&oacute;digo 7.1. Listas enumeradas y no enumeradas.</span></p>
<p>El resultado del c&oacute;digo <a href="#sc_codigofuente">7.1</a> podemos verlo a continuaci&oacute;n:</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img style="border: 1px solid black;" src="http://www.eridem.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/imagen_latex_9-1.png" alt="Latex tutorial - Imagen del resultado" width="96%" /></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">El uso de bloques para a&ntilde;adir c&oacute;digo fuente en nuestro documento de LaTeX implica un cambio de letra a &#8220;<span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">Courier New</span>&#8221; y se imprimen los espacios y tabuladores tal y como a&ntilde;adimos el c&oacute;digo.</p>
<h1><a name="c_compilando"></a>8. Compilando documentos desde MS-Windows y GNU-Linux Ubuntu<br /></h1>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Para crear crear documentos en LaTeX necesitaremos dos cosas: por una parte un compilador y por otra un editor. El editor, como dijimos anteriormente, es opcional, pero nos ayuda con la sintaxis.</p>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;"><a name="s_instwindows"></a>8.1. Instalaci&oacute;n para MS-Windows<br /></h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Para MS-Windows, necesitaremos descargarnos e instalar los siguientes programas en orden: <a href="http://www.miktex.org/Setup.aspx">MikTeX</a> (buscar un enlace que se llama <em>Download &#8220;Basic MikTeX&#8221; Installer</em> para descargarlo y la instalaci&oacute;n es de esas de &#8220;<em>Siguiente</em>&#8220;, &#8220;<em>Siguiente</em>&#8220;, &#8230;); y <em><a href="http://www.toolscenter.org/index.php?id=20">TeXnicCenter</a></em> (buscar un enlace que se llama <em>TeXnicCenter Setup, Version &#8230;</em> y al lado pondr&aacute; SourceForge.net que deber&eacute;is pulsar para descargarlo y la instalaci&oacute;n es igual de f&aacute;cil que la anterior pero con la palabra &#8220;Next&#8221;).</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Una vez que tenemos los dos programas instaladas, ejecutaremos el programa de &#8220;<em>TeXnicCenter</em>&#8220;. La primera vez que lo abramos, nos saldr&aacute; unas ventanas para configurarlo. Cuando lleguemos a una ventana que nos pide la localizaci&oacute;n de los archivos <em>TeX</em>, <em>LaTeX</em>, etc, tendremos que buscar, en la carpeta donde instalamos <em>MikTeX</em>, la siguiente ruta:</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img style="border: 1px solid black;" src="http://farm1.static.flickr.com/197/457530754_7700669a41_o.png" alt="" width="441" height="382" /></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">Imagen 10.1. Apertura del programa TeXnicCenter.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Puede que no sea exactamente la misma, pero muy parecida (por el tema de la versi&oacute;n que se haya descargado). Y ahora solo hay que abrir un nuevo documento (como en cualquier programa) y escribir el archivo en LaTeX. Una vez que lo tengamos y queramos obtener el archivo PDF. Elegiremos &#8220;LaTeX =&gt; PDF&#8221;, despu&eacute;s pulsaremos el bot&oacute;n llamado &#8220;Build&#8221; que est&aacute; al lado y luego el de &#8220;View&#8221; m&aacute;s a su derecha, tal y como vemos en esta imagen.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img style="border: 1px solid black;" src="http://farm1.static.flickr.com/222/457530756_f2b06f25af_o.png" alt="" width="468" height="340" /></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">Imagen 10.2. C&oacute;mo compilar un documento desde TeXnicCenter</span>.</p>
<h2 style="text-align: left;"><a name="s_instubuntu"></a>8.2. Instalaci&oacute;n en GNU-Linux Ubuntu</h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Para Ubuntu, necesitaremos habilitar los repositorios universe y multiuniverse. Para ello, abriremos en modo root el archivo /etc/apt/sources.list de la siguiente forma desde consola:</p>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list</span></li>
</ol>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Ahora, buscaremos las siguientes lineas y quitaremos la almohadilla # del principio, dej&aacute;ndolo de la siguiente forma (la versi&oacute;n de Ubuntu depender&aacute; de la instalada):</p>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">deb http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ <em>[versionUbuntu]</em> universe</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">deb-src http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ </span><em><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">[versionUbuntu]</span></em><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"> universe</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">deb http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ </span><em><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">[versionUbuntu]</span></em><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"> multiverse</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">deb-src http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ </span><em><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">[versionUbuntu]</span></em><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"> multiverse</span></li>
</ol>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Ahora, siguiendo en consola, instalaremos el programa Kile, que a mi opini&oacute;n es de los mejores para Linux:</p>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">sudo apt-get update</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">sudo aptitude install -y kile</span></li>
</ol>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Con esto nos instalar&aacute; los compiladores de LaTeX y el programa Kile que es el editor. Lo siguiente ser&aacute; escribir el documento en LaTeX, compilarlo y verlo:</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a name="i_kile"></a><img style="border: 1px solid black;" src="http://farm1.static.flickr.com/189/457540052_ffa33be351_o.png" alt="" /></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">Imagen 10.3. C&oacute;mo compilar un documento desde Kile.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">En la captura 10.3 podemos observar dos botones que nos ayudar&aacute;n en el proceso de compilaci&oacute;n del documento LaTeX. El primer bot&oacute;n remarcado compilar&aacute; el documento. El segundo bot&oacute;n remarcado nos mostrar&aacute; el documento generado.</p>
<p><img src="file:///tmp/moz-screenshot.jpg" alt="" /></p>
<h1><a name="c_plantillas"></a>9. Algunas plantillas de LaTeX</h1>
<p>A veces, ciertas empresas incluyen plantillas en LaTeX que ofrecen a sus trabajadores y que formatean el texto de forma que siguen su mismo est&aacute;ndar. A veces las encontramos en Internet para su libre descarga. Algunas de las que he encontrado y he usado en mis trabajos, derivan de plantillas de universidad. &Eacute;stas ofrecen reformateo de t&iacute;tulos, secciones, listas, c&oacute;digo fuente, etc. Adem&aacute;s, ajustan los m&aacute;rgenes y nos ofrecen otro tipo de portadas. La m&aacute;s completa y llamativa que encontr&eacute; proviene de Deusto (en la lista). A continuaci&oacute;n ir&eacute; dejando algunas plantillas que me han servido de ayuda:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://e-ghost.deusto.es/docs/2007/plantillas/plantillaPFC-LaTeX-2008.tgz">http://e-ghost.deusto.es/docs/2007/plantillas/plantillaPFC-LaTeX-2008.tgz</a></li>
</ul>

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		<title>Korean shops and restaurants in Madrid.</title>
		<link>http://www.eridem.net/korean-shops-and-restaurants-in-madrid/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sat, 13 Dec 2008 12:31:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>ERiDeM</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Countries]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[English]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Food]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Korea]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[In the follow map, I will marks places which you can buy Korean food. In the map marks there is a description and pictures about the places. Enjoy it!

Ver mapa más grande

                        [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In the follow map, I will marks places which you can buy Korean food. In the map marks there is a description and pictures about the places. Enjoy it!</p>
<p><iframe width="640" height="480" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" src="http://maps.google.es/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&amp;hl=es&amp;t=h&amp;s=AARTsJqBFYOQ8MKNG550ClddY6P2Fbh1Kg&amp;msa=0&amp;msid=105505789253256022706.00045d8fe4b1964169653&amp;ll=40.423739,-3.710976&amp;spn=0.007841,0.013733&amp;z=16&amp;output=embed"></iframe>
<div align="center"><a href="http://maps.google.es/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&amp;hl=es&amp;t=h&amp;msa=0&amp;msid=105505789253256022706.00045d8fe4b1964169653&amp;ll=40.423739,-3.710976&amp;spn=0.007841,0.013733&amp;z=16&amp;source=embed" style="color:#0000FF;text-align:left">Ver mapa más grande</a></div>

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		<title>El blog de ERiDeM › Tools — WordPress</title>
		<link>http://www.eridem.net/el-blog-de-eridem-%e2%80%ba-tools-%e2%80%94-wordpress/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sat, 13 Dec 2008 12:14:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>ERiDeM</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Cajon desastre]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[El blog de ERiDeM › Tools — WordPress.

                            
                    [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.eridem.net/wordpress/wp-admin/tools.php">El blog de ERiDeM › Tools — WordPress</a>.</p>

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		<title>Acelerar apertura de Firefox en Ubuntu</title>
		<link>http://www.eridem.net/acelerar-apertura-de-firefox-en-ubuntu/</link>
		<comments>http://www.eridem.net/acelerar-apertura-de-firefox-en-ubuntu/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 29 Oct 2008 14:23:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>ERiDeM</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Casero]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Instalaciones]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Programación]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Script]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[SingleCall]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[[X]Ubuntu]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[1. El problema
Firefox es, sin duda, un navegador excelente y r&#225;pido. Y lo mejor es sin duda la acoplaci&#243;n de nuevos plugins que a&#241;aden nuevas funcionalidades. En las versiones de Ubuntu ha sido el navegador por defecto aunque, como en mi caso, en una m&#225;quina algo lenta puede tardar bastante en iniciarse.

Buscando por Internet, encontr&#233; [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h1 style="text-align: justify;">1. El problema</h1>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Firefox es, sin duda, un navegador excelente y r&aacute;pido. Y lo mejor es sin duda la acoplaci&oacute;n de nuevos plugins que a&ntilde;aden nuevas funcionalidades. En las versiones de Ubuntu ha sido el navegador por defecto aunque, como en mi caso, en una m&aacute;quina algo lenta puede tardar bastante en iniciarse.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img class="size-thumbnail wp-image-49 aligncenter" style="border: 1px solid black;" title="firefox-logo" src="http://www.eridem.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/firefox-logo-150x150.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="150" /></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Buscando por Internet, encontr&eacute; varios manuales de como acelerar su velocidad, pero lo que no he encontrado es como acelerar su apertura.</p>
<h1 style="text-align: justify;">2. Truco casero</h1>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Durante este tutorial se realizar&aacute; un truco casero para que al querer iniciar Firefox, aparezca instant&aacute;neamente. El funcionamiento principal de este truco es dejar Firefox corriendo desde que iniciamos el ordenador y cada vez que queramos iniciarlo, lanzar el proceso que ya est&aacute; corriendo.<span id="more-45"></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Para aplicar nuestro truco casero nos har&aacute; falta instalar dos programas:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://debian.cs.binghamton.edu/debian/pool/main/a/alltray/alltray_0.69-1_i386.deb" target="_blank">Alltray</a>: minimiza un programa en la bandeja del sistema de Ubuntu.</li>
<li><a href="http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/x/xdotool/xdotool_20080606-1_i386.deb" target="_blank">Xdotool</a>: env&iacute;a eventos del teclado al sistema de Ubuntu.</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Si est&aacute;s usando Ubuntu y pulsa sobre los enlaces superiores, el gestor de instalaci&oacute;n de programas nos pedir&aacute; la contrase&ntilde;a de administrador y nos dar&aacute; la opci&oacute;n de instalarlos. Tambi&eacute;n nos podemos descargar los dos archivos anteriores y desde consola instalarlos manualmente de la siguiente forma:</p>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: #c20cb9;">sudo</span> <span style="font-weight: bold; color: #c20cb9;">dpkg</span> <span style="color: #660033;">-i</span> <span style="font-weight: bold; color: #7a0874;">[</span>archivo<span style="font-weight: bold; color: #7a0874;">]</span></span></li>
</ol>
<p style="text-align: justify;">A continuaci&oacute;n crearemos el siguiente script (que podemos descargar desde <a href="http://eridem.net/bin/comeOnFirefox.sh">aqu&iacute;</a>, aunque se escribir&aacute; de igual forma en este manual). Este script nos permite iniciar Firefox de dos formas: si no est&aacute; iniciado en segundo plano, crear una nueva instancia; si ya est&aacute; cargando en segundo plano, restaurarlo.</p>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="font-style: italic; color: #666666;">#!/bin/bash</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="font-style: italic; color: #666666;">&nbsp;<br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="color: #007800;">exists</span>=<span style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000;">`</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: #c20cb9;">ps</span> x <span style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000;">|</span> <span style="font-weight: bold; color: #c20cb9;">grep</span> <span style="color: #660033;">-i</span> alltray <span style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000;">|</span> <span style="font-weight: bold; color: #c20cb9;">grep</span> <span style="color: #660033;">-i</span> firefox <span style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000;">|</span> <span style="font-weight: bold; color: #c20cb9;">wc</span> -l<span style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000;">`</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000;">&nbsp;<br /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000;">if</span> <span style="font-weight: bold; color: #7a0874;">[</span> <span style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000;">`</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: #7a0874;">echo</span> <span style="color: #007800;">$exists</span><span style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000;">`</span> <span style="color: #660033;">-eq</span> <span style="color: #000000;">0</span> <span style="font-weight: bold; color: #7a0874;">]</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000;">then</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: #7a0874;">&nbsp; echo</span> Run a new instance.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp; alltray <span style="color: #660033;">-na</span> <span style="color: #660033;">-s</span> <span style="color: #660033;">-k</span> <span style="color: #000000;">115</span> firefox</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000;">else</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: #7a0874;">&nbsp; echo</span> Run the background instance.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">&nbsp; xdotool key super</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000;">fi</span></span></li>
</ol>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;"><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">C&oacute;digo 2.1. Script para iniciar firefox en segundo plano.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Lo que hacemos aqu&iacute; es iniciar Firefox con Alltray de tal forma que cada vez que pulsemos la tecla &#8220;Super&#8221; (la del icono de Windows, que equivale al c&oacute;digo 115 para Alltray en mi ordenador*) se restaure o se minimice a la bandeja del sistema. Lo que hacemos con la herramienta Xdotool es enviar al sistema un evento de teclado, en este caso de la tecla &#8220;Super&#8221; para que restaure Firefox si est&aacute; en segundo plano.</p>
<blockquote>
<p style="text-align: justify;">* Para obtener el c&oacute;digo de la tecla super de tu ordenador, tienes que ejecutar el siguiente comando:</p>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;">xev</span></li>
</ol>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Una vez ejecutado, no moveremos el rat&oacute;n ni pulsaremos las teclas del teclado. Entonces pulsaremos el bot&oacute;n &#8220;super&#8221; de nuestro teclado y copiaremos el c&oacute;digo que aparece en &#8220;keycode&#8221; que es el que deber&aacute;s usar en el resto del tutorial en lugar de 115 (includo el script anterior).</p>
</blockquote>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Una vez que hemos escrito el script, lo guardamos bajo el nombre de &#8220;comeOnFirefox.sh&#8221;, y desde consola le aplicamos los permisos de ejecuci&oacute;n:</p>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: courier new,courier;"><span style="font-weight: bold; color: #c20cb9;">sudo</span> <span style="font-weight: bold; color: #c20cb9;">chmod</span> +x .<span style="font-weight: bold; color: #000000;">/</span>comeOnFirefox.sh</span></li>
</ol>
<h1 style="text-align: justify;">3. Iniciando el script al inicio</h1>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Ahora aplicaremos este script a los iconos del menu de aplicaciones de Gnome (en caso de usarlo, tambi&eacute;n se puede hacer en KDE o xfce) y a los iconos que tengamos en el escritorio o paneles.</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Si sois como yo y pr&aacute;cticamente cada vez que iniciamos el ordenador usaremos el navegador de Internet, entonces tambi&eacute;n podemos poner la aplicaci&oacute;n para que se inicie autom&aacute;ticamente al iniciar el ordenador (pero que se inicie minimizado en segundo plano para que no nos moleste). Para hacer &eacute;sto (para GNOME), pulsaremos sobre &#8220;Sistema&#8221; &#8211; &#8220;Preferencias&#8221; &#8211; &#8220;Sesiones&#8221;. Una vez en el men&uacute; que nos aparece, pulsamos &#8220;A&ntilde;adir&#8221; y aplicaremos los siguientes valores:</p>
<ul>
<li>Nombre: Firefox startup</li>
<li>Comando: alltray -na -k 115 firefox</li>
<li>Comentario: Iniciar firefox en segundo plano al inicio.</li>
</ul>
<p style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.eridem.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/sessionspreferences.png"><img class="size-medium wp-image-56 aligncenter" title="sessionspreferences" src="http://www.eridem.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/sessionspreferences-300x230.png" alt="" width="300" height="230" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">Y pulsamos sobre OK para guardar los cambios. Reiniciamos (solo por educaci&oacute;n, no es obligatorio) y veremos como nuestra experiencia con el navegador Firefox mejora por el hecho de la velocidad en la que se inicia :)</p>
<h1>Links de inter&eacute;s:</h1>
<ul>
<li>Mirrors para Xdotool para Debian: <a href="http://packages.ubuntu.com/intrepid/x11/xdotool" target="_blank">http://packages.ubuntu.com/intrepid/x11/xdotool</a></li>
<li>Gu&iacute;a de Alltray para Ubuntu: <a href="http://www.guia-ubuntu.org/index.php?title=Alltray" target="_blank">http://www.guia-ubuntu.org/index.php?title=Alltray</a></li>
</ul>
<h1>C&oacute;digo:</h1>
<ul>
<li>C&oacute;digo fuente del script <a href="http://eridem.net/bin/comeOnFirefox.sh">comeOnFirefox.sh</a></li>
</ul>

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